Individual human personality characteristics as a factor in the etiology of postvaccinal reactions

Healthy volunteers with quite opposite emotional properties defined by means of Cattell Personality Questionnaires were shown to have essential differences in their postvaccinal reactions. These differences were seemingly caused by psychoemotional tension developing in unstable persons as a result of their perception of vaccination as a threatening factor. The administration of Phenasepam (3 mg) decreased such emotional tension and thus removed negative reactions at the postvaccinal period. The preparation had no influence on the production of protective antibodies to all types of antigens used for immunization.     

Experimental research on mechanical stresses in the neuroepithelial layers of the brain

The embryonic brain was dissected in urodele amphibians at the early postneurulation stages. Tangential mechanical tensions were shown to exist in the embryonic brain. The reaction of neuroepithelial cells characterizing the topology of tensions was found by the use of dissections in two interperpendicular directions. The cells were oriented along the acting force in the case of unidirectional tension. In the case of two interbalanced tensions the cells were inclined along the lines of force of greater tension. Three types of tangential tensions were revealed which differ in force, direction, range of action and life time. The life times of tangential tensions were shown to depend on their force and range of action. The strongest tensions were short-lived and, besides, limited in space. Weak tensions were long-lived and spread all over the brain. In all cases of dissections the cells inducing tangential tensions reacted in the same way: by elongation of cell bodies along the normals to the brain layer. It is suggested that the tendency of cell elongation can cause the tangential tension of the layer. It was found that the partial removal of tensions enhances the curvatures of brain layers. The cells reacted to the tension removal in accordance with their position in the layer. If the cells are located in the grooves, they are shortened. If the cells are outside the grooves, they are elongated. It was found that after the tension was removed the nuclei migrated along the cell bodies. The migration of the nuclei depends on the direction of the layer flexure. The nuclei always migrated to the external surface of evagination or to the internal surface of flexure. It is suggested that the tangential tensions stabilize the changes in the brain shape.     

Study of the mechanics and small-angle equatorial x-ray pattern of the frog skeletal muscle during transition and rigor at different temperatures

Mechanical characteristics and low-angle equatorial X-ray patterns from frog sartorius muscle passing into iodoacetate rigor under isometric conditions at temperatures 2 degrees-25 degrees C were studied. It is ascertained that during the rigor tension development at all the temperatures Z-reflection intensity increases and those of the (10), (11), (20), (21) and (30) reflections decrease. The last three reflections disappear then still in the phase of the rigor tension development. It is found that the sarcomere lengths remain not always invariable, especially at high temperatures, when the muscle passes into rigor, and can both decrease and increase in the sample place which is investigated by means of X-ray diffraction method. It is shown that the decrease of the I10/I11 relation in some experiments at high temperatures is only due to the sarcomere length decrease. The merging time of the Z and (11) reflections depends both on the temperature and on the sarcomere length change. Thus essential changes correlated with the rigor tension development, and resulted in the Z-reflection intensity increase take place in tetragonal lattice of Z-band and in the I-band region located near Z-band. In A-band the hexagonal lattice order change for the worse is marked only. It is proposed that the mechanism of the rigor tension development differs from that of tension development in ordinary contraction of the skeletal muscle.     

酪氨酸对大鼠子宫胞浆雌,孕激素受体的影响

采用放射受体分析法,测定了动情周期不同阶段及去卵巢大鼠子宫胞浆雌二醇和孕酮受体含量,并观察了子宫腔内注射酪、丝、苏三种氨基酸对子宫胞浆雌。醇、孕酮受体含量的影响。结果表明：（１）Ｌ－酪氨酸对动情前期、动情期、间情期大鼠子宫胞浆雌二醇和孕酮受体都具有明显的降低作用。（２）Ｌ－酪氨酸也降低去卵巢大鼠子宫胞浆雌二醇和孕酮含量,即这一作用不是通过影响卵巢激素分泌实现的。（３）Ｌ－苏氨酸仅可降低动情期和间情期大鼠子宫胞浆孕酮受体含量,而对相应周期雌二醇受体没有明显作用。（４）Ｌ－丝氨酸和Ｌ－苏氨酸对去卵巢大鼠子宫胞浆雌二醇和孕酮受体均无影响。     

人胚DA能神经元移植于帕金森氏病猴模型的TH免疫细胞化学的研究

为了对人胚黑质ＤＡ神经元移植治疗ＰＤ人的临床应用作出客观评估,将８－１２周人胚黑质细胞移植到用ＭＰＴＰ诱发的偏侧ＰＤ猴新纹状体内。实验动物分别存活２个月、５个月和１年后,用ＴＨ免疫细胞化学方法对被移植的人胚ＤＡ细胞的存活和与宿主间的突触联系进行检查。在光镜下可见被移植侧的新纹状体内有ＴＨ阳性细胞,它们成小群散在分布,每小群有３－１０个细胞。ＴＨ阳性细胞的轴突延伸到整个新纹状体,树突呈现出正常发育过     

斑节对虾精子发生的超微结构

斑节对虾精子发生划分为精原细胞、初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞、精子细胞和精子五个阶段。精子发生中，从精原细胞到精子，染色质经历了从以异染色质为主变为高度凝聚态，再经解聚为弥散絮状的变化过程。同时，核从具有完整核膜变为核膜不完整。成熟的的精子含有核仁。顶体由高尔基囊泡逐渐演化而成，并向外伸长成为棘突。这是斑节对虾精子发生的主要特征。     

Study of the processes of butyl acetate regeneration from butanol-butyl acetate solutions by etherification of butanol with acetic anhydride (for use in production of penicillins]

Etherification of butanol by acetic anhydride in butanol-butyl acetate mixtures containing 0.09 to 3 per cent water was investigated. A method for processing the butanol-butyl acetate mixtures with the weight part of butanol up to 16 per cent by etherification of the latter with acetic anhydride was developed, the yield being 96 to 97 per cent and the weight part being at least 97.5 per cent. On the basis of the estimate of the raw material use for regeneration of butyl acetate from the butanol-butyl acetate solutions by etherification of butanol with acetic anhydride, the technical and economic advantages of the processing of such solutions by the described method were shown.     

超连续谱激光可见谱段致人眼眩目效应研究

本文采用超连续谱激光光源滤除其红外部分仅输出可见谱段部分,在不超过国家安全标准允许的最大辐照量条件下,以正入射方式照射人眼后,记录并分析在明、暗适应条件下中心极限视力恢复时间、中心近极限视力恢复时间和视觉后像持续时间,明确超连续谱激光可见谱段对人眼的眩目效果。明适应下激光照射0.1 s导致人眼中心极限视力恢复时间为31~119 s,中心近极限视力恢复时间为19~76 s;暗适应下激光照射0.1 s导致人眼中心极限视力恢复时间为26~223 s,中心近极限视力恢复时间为13~123 s;明、暗适应下导致人眼眩目效应的最小功率密度值分别为0.055 mW/cm^2和0.005 mW/cm^2。结果表明,超连续谱激光可见谱段对人眼有良好的眩目效果,可导致数十秒至数百秒的中心视力下降,随着照射功率密度增高,眩目效应增强,显示出较好的量效关系,且相同功率密度时暗适应下人眼的眩目效果优于明适应。该研究探究了明、暗适应条件下超连续谱激光对人眼眩目效应,明确了超连续谱激光与人眼眩目的量效关系。     

中国科学院清原森林生态系统观测研究站塔群平台的功能和应用

森林生态系统结构与生态服务功能关系是森林生态学和林学的永恒研究主题。受传统森林调查方法及技术手段的限制,对复杂地形下森林生态系统结构和功能的监测及二者关系的研究面临诸多挑战。在中国科学院野外站网络重点科技基础设施建设项目的支持下,中国科学院清原森林生态系统观测研究站在独立流域内建成了以观测塔群(三座观测塔覆盖各自子流域代表性森林类型)为主体,集激光雷达(LiDAR)、通量仪器、水文站网、固定标准地和数据中心为综合体的“次生林生态系统塔群激光雷达监测平台”(简称塔群平台)。塔群平台采用激光雷达扫描获取森林点云数据,描述森林生态系统的全息三维结构;依托独立流域/子流域内的通量监测系统、水文监测站网和通量源区内的长期固定标准地,可保证碳-水过程观测的可靠性,并用于验证复杂地形下的通量监测技术与方法,揭示森林生态水文与碳交换过程,准确估算森林生态系统主体生态服务功能(水源涵养和固碳)。所有“塔-站”数据通过无线网络实时汇集于数据中心,便于数据监视、管理与共享。此外,塔群平台将侧重研究森林生态系统结构量化的新方法和新指标,探索复杂地形森林生态系统中H₂O/CO₂/痕量气体通量观测的理论与方法,为阐明森林结构与功能的关系、服务于森林生态系统管理提供基础数据。