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Sue Savage-Rumbaugh Kanzi Wamba Panbanisha Wamba Nyota Wamba 《Journal of applied animal welfare science : JAAWS》2013,16(1):7-19
Accurately determining the proper captive environment for apes requires adequately assessing the psychological similarities between apes and humans. Scientists currently believe apes lack mental complexity (Millikan, 2006), raising questions concerning the evolution of human culture from ape-like societies (Tomasello, 1999). A long-term cultural study with bonobos suggests less intellectual divergence from humans than currently postulated (Savage-Rumbaugh, 2005). Because humans view apes as mentally limited, some current captive environments may appear idyllic while offering only an illusion of appropriate care, derived from a simplistic view of what apes are, rather than what they might be. This perception of apes determines their handling, which determines their mental development, which perpetuates the prevailing perception. Only breaking this cycle will allow the current perception of apes to change. Their usual captive environment limits any demonstration of culture. However, the bonobo study reveals what ape culture can become, which should affect future welfare considerations for at least those species genetically close to humans (bonobos and chimpanzees). Development of a languaged bonobo culture allows these nonhuman animals to provide their own responses regarding adequate ape welfare. 相似文献
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Menzel Charles R. Savage-Rumbaugh E. Sue Menzel Emil W. 《International journal of primatology》2002,23(3):601-619
We used an artificial language as a tool for the study of spatial memory organization in a young Pan paniscus. In the first experiment, we showed the bonobo a road sign just outside its indoor sleeping area. The sign indicated, by means of arbitrarily designated geometrical shapes (lexigrams), where food was hidden. Only 2 of the 15 locations were visible from the sign. Distances ranged up to 170 m from the sign. In 99 of 127 test trials the bonobo went directly to the designated location on its first move. In a second experiment, we presented the road sign at varied points in the woods rather than at the original fixed place. In these trials the goal was a preferred toy. The bonobo's human companions were never told the location of the goal and distances were up to 650 m. In all 12 trials the bonobo led its companions to the designated place via an efficient path. The bonobo appeared to be able to move, based on the information provided by a lexigram, from almost any arbitrary starting location in its 20-ha environment to any one of the numerous goal locations. 相似文献
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Savage-Rumbaugh Sue; Mintz Fields William; Taglialatela Jared 《Integrative and comparative biology》2000,40(6):910-921
Animal consciousness has long been assumed to be a nonviablearena of investigation. At best, it was thought that any indicationsof such consciousness, should it exist, would not be interpretableby our species. Recent work in the field of language competencieswith bonobos has laid this conception open to serious challenge.This paper reviews this work and the case it makes for our impendingcapacity to tap the consciousness of a uniquely enculturatedgroup of bonobos who are capable of comprehending human speechand employing a lexical communication system. 相似文献
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The Cultural Origins of Human Cognition. Michael Tomasello. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2000. 248 pp. 相似文献