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1.
High level of divergence of male-reproductive-tract proteins, between Drosophila melanogaster and its sibling species, D. simulans 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We compared male-reproductive-tract polypeptides of Drosophila melanogaster
and D. simulans by using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Approximately
64% of male-reproductive-tract polypeptides were identical between two
randomly chosen isofemale lines from these two species, compared with 83%
identity for third-instar imaginal wing-disc polypeptides. Qualitatively
similar differences were found between reproductive tracts and imaginal
discs when D. sechellia was compared with D. melanogaster and with D.
simulans. When genic polymorphism was taken into account, approximately 10%
of male- reproductive-tract polypeptides were apparently fixed for
different alleles between D. melanogaster and D. simulans; this proportion
is the same as that found for soluble enzymes by one-dimensional gel
electrophoresis. Strikingly, approximately 20% of male-reproductive- tract
polypeptides of either D. melanogaster or D. simulans had no detectable
homologue in the other species. We propose that proteins of the Drosophila
male reproductive tract may have diverged more extensively between species
than have other types of proteins and that much of this divergence may
involve large changes in levels of polypeptide expression.
相似文献
2.
RS Fisher 《The Journal of general physiology》1977,69(5):571-604
When the outer surface of short-circuited frog skin was penetrated with microelectrodes, stable negative potentials that averaged near -100 mV were recorded consistently, confirming the results of Nagel (W. Nagel. 1975. Abstracts of the 5th International Biophysics Congress, Copenhagen. P-147.). The appearance of these stable potentials, V(O), concurrent with the observations that (a) a high resistance outer barrier R(O) accounting for approximately 75 percent or more of the transcellular resistance of control skins had been penetrated and that (b) 10(-5) M amiloride and reduced [Na] outside caused the values of V(O) to increase towards means value near -130 mV while the values of percent R(O) increased to more than 90 percent. It was of relationships were the same as the values of E(1) observed in studies of the current-voltage relationships were the same as the values of E’(1) defined as the values of voltage at the inner barrier when the V(O) of the outer barrier was reduced to zero by voltage clamping of the skins. Accordingly, these data are interpreted to mean that the values of E(1), approximately 130 mV, represent the E(Na) of the sodium pump at the inner barrier. 2,4-DNP was observed to decrease the values of transepithelial voltage less than E(1) the V(O) was negative. These data can be interpreted with a simple electrical equivalent circuit of the active sodium transport pathway of the frog skin that includes the idea that the outer membrane behaves as an electrical rectifier for ion transport. 相似文献
3.
P. Suresh Jayasekara Khai Phan Dilip K. Tosh T. Santhosh Kumar Steven M. Moss Guofeng Zhang Joseph J. Barchi Jr. Zhan-Guo Gao Kenneth A. Jacobson 《Purinergic signalling》2013,9(2):183-198
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) allow the tuning of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties by active or passive targeting of drugs for cancer and other diseases. We have functionalized gold nanoparticles by tethering specific ligands, agonists and antagonists, of adenosine receptors (ARs) to the gold surface as models for cell surface interactions with G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The AuNP conjugates with chain-extended AR ligands alone (PEGylated nucleosides and nonnucleosides, anchored to the Au via thioctic acid) were found to be insoluble in water due to hydrophobic entities in the ligand. Therefore, we added a second, biologically inactive pendant moiety to increase the water solubility, consisting of a PEGylated chain terminating in a carboxylic or phosphate group. The purity and stability of the immobilized biologically active ligand were examined by ultrafiltration and HPLC. Pharmacological receptor binding studies on these GPCR ligand-derivatized AuNPs (2–5 nm in diameter), performed using membranes of mammalian cells stably expressing human A1, A2A, and A3ARs, showed that the desired selectivity was retained with K i values (nanomolar) of A3AR agonist 21b and A2AAR antagonists 24 and 26a of 14 (A3), 34 (A2A), and 69 (A2A), respectively. The corresponding monomers displayed K i values of 37, 61, and 1,420 nM, respectively. In conclusion, we have synthesized stable, water-soluble AuNP derivatives of tethered A3 and A2AAR ligands that retain the biological properties of their monomeric ligands and are intended for therapeutic and imaging applications. This is the first prototypical application to gold carriers of small molecule (nonpeptide) GPCR ligands, which are under investigation for treatment of cancer and inflammatory diseases. 相似文献
4.
Pasupuleti Santhosh Kumar Katari Venkatesh Gopal Sowjenya Lokanathan Srikanth Manne Mudhu Sunitha Uppu Venkateswara Prasad 《Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics》2013,31(10):2094-2103
Distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) is an autosomal recessive syndrome results defect in either proximal tubule bicarbonate reabsorption or in distal tubule H+ secretion and is characterized by severe hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis in childhood. dRTA is associated with functional variations in the ATP6V1B1 gene encoding β1 subunit of H+-ATPase, key membrane transporters for net acid excretion of α-intercalated cells of medullary collecting ducts. In the present study, a 13-year-old male patient suffering with nephropathy and sensorineural deafness was reported in the Department of Nephrology. We predicted improper functioning of ATP6V1B1 gene could be the reason for diseased condition. Therefore, exons 3, 4, and 7 contributing active site of ATP6V1B1 gene was amplified and sequenced (Accession numbers: KF571726, KM222653). The obtained sequences were BLAST searched against the wild type ATP6V1B1 gene which showed novel mutations c.307 A > G, c.308 C > A, c.310 C > G, c.704 T > C, c.705 G > T, c.709 A > G, c.710 A > G, c.714 G > A, c.716 C > A, c.717delC, c.722 C > G, c.728insG, c.741insT, c.753G > C. These mutations resulted in the expression of truncated protein terminating at Lys 209. The mutated ATP6V1B1structure superimposed with wild type showed extensive variations with RMSD 1.336 Å and could not bind to substrate ADP leading to non-functional ATPase. These results conclusively explain these mutations in ATP6V1B1 gene resulted in structural changes causing accumulation of H+ ions contributing to dRTA with sensorineural deafness. 相似文献
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6.
Basu U Gyrd-Hansen M Baby SM Lozynska O Krag TO Jensen CJ Frödin M Khurana TS 《FEBS letters》2007,581(22):4153-4158
Utrophin is the autosomal homolog of dystrophin, the product of the Duchenne's muscular dystrophy (DMD) locus. Utrophin is of therapeutic interest since its over-expression can compensate dystrophin's absence. Utrophin is enriched at neuromuscular junctions due to heregulin-mediated utrophin-A promoter activation. We demonstrate that heregulin activated MSK1/2 and phosphorylated histone H3 at serine 10 in cultured C2C12 muscle cells, in an ERK-dependent manner. MSK1/2 inhibition suppressed heregulin-mediated utrophin-A activation. MSK1 over-expression potentiated heregulin-mediated utrophin-A activation and chromatin remodeling at the utrophin-A promoter. These results identify MSK1/2 as key effectors modulating utrophin-A expression as well as identify novel targets for DMD therapy. 相似文献
7.
Guduru Moulika Sannapureddy Sailaja Jillela Santhosh Vijitha Putluru Bayapu Reddy Kondala Shanthi Latha Gasthi Venkata Chalapathi Busireddy Sudhakar Reddy 《Luminescence》2022,37(7):1073-1077
Calcium boro fluoro zinc phosphate glasses modified using alkali oxide and doped with Nd3+ and Er3+ ions with the chemical composition of 69.5 (B2O3) + 10 (P2O5) + 10 (CaF2) + 5 (ZnO) + 5 (Na2O/Li2O/K2O) + 0.5 (Er2O3/Nd2O3) were prepared using a conventional melt quenching technique. The results of X-ray diffraction patterns indicated the amorphous nature of all the prepared glasses. The visible–near-infrared red (NIR) absorption spectra of these glasses were analyzed systematically. The NIR emission spectra of Er3+ and Nd3+:calcium boro fluoro zinc phosphate glasses showed prominent emission bands at 1536 nm (4I13/2→4I15/2) and 1069 nm (4F3/2→4I11/2) respectively with λexci = 514.5 nm (Ar+ laser) as the excitation source. 相似文献
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10.
Molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) maps of some fluoroquinolones having varying degrees of activity against the bacterium Staphylococcus Aureus have been studied using the optimized hybridization displacement charges (HDC) combined with Löwdin charges obtained by the AM1 method. The roles of different substitutions at the N1-position in the parent quinolone ring have been studied. The conformation of the carboxylic group attached to the quinolone ring was shown to be such that there is an intramolecular hydrogen bonding between the hydrogen atom of this group and the oxygen atom of the carbonyl group of the quinolone moiety. The carbonyl oxygen atom of the quinolone moiety, hydroxyl oxygen atom of the carboxylic group and the terminal nitrogen atom of the piperazin ring attached to the quinolone ring appear to be involved in the action of the drugs through electrostatic interactions while the N1-alkyl substituents seem to be involved in the same through hydrophobic interactions. 相似文献