The venous drainage of the kidney of the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) was studied in 17 kidneys of male and female adult animals. Injection of latex, plastoid as well as radiopaque substance (40% barium sulfate) were used to follow the distribution of the renal vein through the kidney tissue. The renal vein of the camel is unique as it gives off vv. interlobares I which drain the ventral half of the kidney, in addition to large cranial and caudal stem vessels from which vv. interlobares I of the dorsal surface branch. The general pattern of distribution of the renal vein in the camel's kidney resembles, more or less, that of the other domestic animals. 相似文献
Thirty-nine species and 16 fungal genera were isolated from Egyptian cotton seeds, cotton seed meal and cotton seed cake on 1% glucose-Czapek's agar medium incubated at 28 °C. Aspergillus was the most frequent genus and it emerged in 87–100% of the samples contributing 70–98% of total fungi in the three substrates tested. The most common species were A. niger, A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. terreus and Rhizopus stolonifer; A. niger, A. fumigatus and Penicillium corylophilum; and A. niger, A. flavus, A. terreus, A. nidulans and Rhizopus stolonifer, respectively. Cotton seeds and cotton seed products were naturally contaminated by aflatoxin B1 and B2. About 16% of the different substrates tested were positive for aflatoxin contamination. No citrinin, ochratoxin A, patulin, sterigmatocystin, diacetoxyscirpenol, T-2 toxin or zearalenone were detected in the samples assayed. 相似文献
We have employed in situ hybridization to evaluate the molecular mechanisms responsible for hypoalbuminemia and increased liver collagen content in murine schistosomiasis. Results were compared using a simplified method of hybridizing isolated hepatocytes from Schistosoma mansoni-infected and normal mouse liver with mouse albumin (pmalb-2) and chick pro-alpha 2(l) collagen (pCg45) probes. Whereas hepatocytes from infected mice showed significantly less albumin mRNA than hepatocytes from control, there were more grains of procollagen mRNA in hepatocytes from infected as compared with control liver. Hybridization of infected liver tissue sections with the collagen probe showed more grains per field in granulomas than in liver regions, whereas with the albumin probe there was more hybridization in liver tissue than in granulomas. These results suggest that in murine schistosomiasis a reduction in albumin mRNA sequence content may be associated with decreased albumin synthesis and ultimately leads to hypoalbuminemia. In addition, although the granuloma seems to be the primary source of type I collagen synthesis, hepatocytes are also capable of synthesizing collagen, especially under fibrogenic stimulation. 相似文献
One hundred isolates of 27 species belonging to 13 genera of dematiaceous hyphomycetes were screened for production of cytochalasins A and B. Most of these isolates (94) were obtained from Assiut University Culture Collection, Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Egypt; three isolates from CBS, The Netherlands; two isolates from DSM, Germany; and one isolate from IMI, UK. The results revealed that 10 isolates of six species representing five genera of fungi produced cytochalasins A and/or B. These species are Alternaria chlamydospora, Cochliobolus spicifer, Diplococcum spicatum, Phoma herbarum, Phoma multipara and Setosphaeria rostrata. This is the first report for the production of cytochalasins A and/or B by these species of dematiaceous hyphomycetes. 相似文献
A series of aroyl- and aryl-hydrazide derivatives was prepared from d-glycero-d-gulo-heptono-1,4-lactone (1). The reactivity of the NH proton in these hydrazides, in terms of their dissociation constants (pKa), was determined from their electronic spectra, and correlated to the Hammett σ values of the substituents. Comparable reactivities of the NH protons for the compounds, and the effect of the substituent, were studied by n.m.r. spectroscopy. Decomposition of the aroylhydrazides with copper(II) sulfate or nitrous acid resulted in the regeneration of 1. 相似文献
In the present study, the effect of nanosized graphene oxide layer on thermal stability and biocompatibility of gold nanorods has been examined. The graphene oxide-wrapped gold nanorods were prepared by electrostatic interaction between negatively charged graphene oxide and positively charged nanorods. The resulting nanohybrids were then heated at different time intervals to 95 °C in a water bath to assess the effect of heat on the rods morphology. The structural changes in gold nanorods were monitored via UV-Vis spectroscopy measurements and transmission electron microscopy images. In similar experiments, the graphene oxide used to wrap gold nanorods was reduced by ascorbic acid in a 95 °C water bath. Our results indicate that while bare gold nanorods are highly vulnerable to elevated temperatures, graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide-coated gold nanorods remain thermally stable with no structural changes. We also confirmed that the enhanced thermal stability is highly dependent on the concentration of deposited graphene oxide available on the surface of the gold nanorods. In addition, we performed an MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) assay to make a comparison between the cytotoxicity of the nanohybrids and their primary building blocks on human dermal fibroblast cells as a normal cell line. We found evidence that graphene oxide can enhance the biocompatibility of the rods through covering toxic chemicals on the surface of them.
Due to the association of oxidative stress and telomere shortening, it was aimed in the present study to investigate the possibility whether cyclosporine‐A exerts its nephrotoxic side effects via induction of oxidative stress‐induced renal telomere shortening and senescent phenotype in renal tissues of rats. Renal oxidative stress markers, 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine, malondialdehyde, and protein carbonyl groups were measured by standard methods. Telomere length and telomerase activity were also evaluated in kidney tissue samples. Results showed that cyclosporine‐A treatment significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced renal malondialdehyde, 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine, and protein carbonyl groups levels, decreased renal telomere length, and deteriorated renal function compared with the controls. Renal telomerase activity was not affected by cyclosporine‐A. Renal telomere length could be considered as an important parameter of both oxidative stress and kidney function. Telomere shortening and accelerated kidney aging may be caused by cyclosporine‐induced oxidative stress, indicating the potential mechanism of cyclosporine‐induced nephrotoxicity. 相似文献
Age and sex need to be considered in the establishment of reference intervals (RIs), especially in early life when there are dynamic physiological changes. Since data for important biomarkers in healthy neonates and infants are limited, particularly in Iranian populations, we have determined age‐specific RIs for 7 laboratory biochemical parameters. This cross‐sectional study comprised a total of 344 paediatric participants (males: 158, females: 186) between the ages of 3 days and 30 months (mean age: 12.91 ± 7.15 months). Serum levels of creatinine, urea, uric acid, calcium, phosphate, vitamin D and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) were measured using an Alpha classic‐AT plus auto‐analyser. We determined age‐specific RIs using CLSI Ep28‐A3 and C28‐A3 guidelines. No sex partitioning was required for any of the biomarkers. Age partitioning was required for kidney function tests and phosphate. The serum concentration of urea and creatinine increased with age, while phosphate and uric acid decreased with age. Age partitioning was not required for serum calcium, vitamin D, and hs‐CRP, which remained relatively constant throughout the age range. Age‐specific RIs for 7 routine biochemical markers were determined to address critical gaps in RIs in early life to help improve clinical interpretation of blood test results in young children, including neonates. Established age partitions demonstrate the biochemical changes that take place during child growth and development. These novel data will ultimately better disease management in the Iranian paediatric population and can be of value to clinical and hospital laboratories with similar populations. 相似文献
Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis is an autosomal recessive liver disorder caused by (biallelic) mutations in the ATP8B1 of ABCB11 gene. A nine-year-old girl with cholestasis was referred for genetic counseling. She had a family history of cholestasis in two previous expired siblings. Genetic analysis of the ABCB11 gene led to the identification of a novel homozygous mutation in exon 25. The mutation 3593- A > G lead to a missense mutation at the amino acid level (His1198Arg). This mutation caused PFIC2 due to abnormal function in the bile salt export pump protein (BSEP). 相似文献
Plasmonics - Polarization reconfigurable dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) backed by plasma artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) ground plane is designed and optimized for 10-GHz applications. The... 相似文献