Effects of Temperature and Growth Regulators on Formation of Anlagen, Tendrils and Inflorescences in Vitis vinifera L.

The effects of single, combined and sequential application ofgibberellic acid (GA), chlormequat and cytokinins on the formationof anlagen, tendrils and inflorescences were studied in grapevines(cv. Muscat of Alexandria) grown with natural illumination athigh temperature (30 °C day to 25 °C night) and at lowtemperature (21 °C day to 16°C night or 18 °C dayto 13 °C night). GA promoted the formation of anlagen andgrowth of tendrils regardless of temperature, but inhibitedinflorescence production. Chlormequat had the opposite effecton anlagen formation and tendril growth and promoted inflorescenceformation from pre-formed anlagen or from tendril initials.While low temperature is normally unfavourable for inflorescenceformation, this was induced by chlormequat even at low temperature,but only with summer light conditions. Cytokinin application to plants pre-treated with chiormequatcaused tendrils to grow into inflorescences regardless of temperatureregimes. Moreover, shoot primordia were also formed in place⁸oftendrils in cytokinin treated plants even without chlormequatpre-treatment. Vitis vinifera L., grapevine, gibberellic acid, chlormequat, cytokinins, benzyladenine, inflorescence, tendrils     

Somatic Embryos and Plantlets from an Ancient Clone of the Grapevine (cv. Cabernet-Sauvignon) by Apomixis in vitro

Plantlets were produced by induction of nucellar embryony (apomixis)in isolated unfertilized ovules of a non-apomictic plant—thegrapevine (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet-Sauvignon). Ovulesgrown in liquid culture with benzyladenine (5–10 µM)and ß-naphthoxyacetic acid (5–25 µM) formeda nucellar callus which gave rise to somatic embryos. For growthof plantlets the embryos were transferred to an agar mediumcontaining gibberellic acid (1 µM) and 2-isopentenyladenine(5 µM). This is the first report of somatic embryo formationin a cultivar of a temperate fruit.