理解运动行为抑制调控的新视角：乙酰胆碱门控氯离子通道受体

Acetylcholine, the first identified neurotransmitter, plays crucial roles in various brain functions. One well-known case is its involvement as an activating neurotransmitter in the regulation of locomotion. However, its inhibitory regulatory role, particularly in locomotion, remains poorly understood. In a study conducted by Polat et al., the authors investigated the inhibitory role of acetylcholine in locomotion in C. elegans. In this organism, the acetylcholine-gated chloride channel receptor consists of four subunits. The authors thoroughly examined the loss-of-function of each subunit in movement regulation. Interestingly, the mutant worms were still capable of performing various movements such as forward, backward crawling, and turning, suggesting that the overall movement was not significantly affected. However, quantitative behavior analysis revealed subtle yet significant differences in the timing and postures of the movement in these mutants. Furthermore, the authors employed optogenetics to stimulate a specific neuron involved in backward crawling and demonstrated that the loss-of-function of the receptors in individual neurons affects the transitioning between locomotion modes. This work provides evidence for the inhibitory regulatory role of acetylcholine in locomotion. The loss-of-function of acetylcholine-gated chloride channel receptors likely disrupts the balance of neuronal and circuit physiology, thereby affecting the regulation of locomotion. Moreover, this study highlights the powerful role of quantitative behavior analysis in discovering and understanding more sophisticated functions of neural circuits.     

Occurrence of a Lysogenic Streptomyces sp. on the Nodule Surface of Black Gram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper)

A lysogenic Streptomyces sp., strain NS.A4, which was isolated from the nodule surface of black gram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper), was found to inhibit rhizobia of fast-and slow-growing strains of cowpeas and soybeans. It exhibited plaques when there was a change in cultural conditions. Repeated culturing of the organism in nutrient agar and broth confirmed the infection of Streptomyces sp. strain NS.A4 by an actinophage. Addition of the culture filtrate of Streptomyces sp. strain NS.A4 to shaken broth cultures of three other Streptomyces spp. resulted in phage infection.     

栓孔菌属漆酶高产菌株的初步筛选及其产酶条件的优化

利用显色反应对栓孔菌属(Trametes)进行了漆酶高产菌株的筛选,并对目标菌株的产酶条件进行了优化,在添加愈创木酚的固体培养基中,通过显色反应初步筛选出漆酶高产菌株东方栓孔菌Trametes orientalis Cui 6300;进一步通过单因子分析、正交试验和ABTS法确定了菌株Cui 6300的最适产酶条件:麦芽糖15 g/L,蛋白胨3 g/L,pH 4.8,Cu2+2.0 mmol/L,培养温度28°C,接种饼直径1.5 cm,此时酶活最高可达19.923 U/mL;同时探索了Cu2+浓度及添加时间对其菌丝生物量和漆酶活力的影响。研究表明,Cu2+最适添加浓度为2.0 mmol/L,添加时间为接种后第3天。     

瘦蛋白与皮肤创伤愈合

自1994年瘦蛋白（leptin）被发现以来,其生理作用得到广泛的研究。近年的研究表明,在高等动物的皮肤创伤愈合过程中,胶原与血管的生成、肉芽组织与上皮的再生以及组织的重建等因子,对皮肤的创伤愈合发挥着至关重要的作用,了解瘦蛋白与上述因子之间的相互关系与作用机制,有助于指导治疗,改善预后。     

龙珠果茎段离体培养和组培苗耐盐性分析

为建立龙珠果(Passiflora foetida)的快繁再生体系,以实生苗茎段为外植体,研究了植物生长调节剂对丛生芽诱导、壮苗生根的影响,同时对组培苗的耐盐性进行研究.结果表明,MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.05 mg/L培养基有利于诱导丛生芽并促进芽的生长;MS+6-BA 3.0 mg/L+NAA ...     

益智不同组织多糖含量及其生物合成途径分析

为了解益智（Alpinia oxyphylla）多糖生物合成途径关键酶功能,对其茎、叶、果实中的多糖含量及其单糖组成进行了研究,并采用Real-Time qPCR分析了益智多糖生物合成关键酶基因的表达模式。结果表明,益智多糖含量依次为果实 > 叶 > 茎,主要由葡萄糖、木糖、甘露糖、半乳糖和阿拉伯糖组成;利用益智转录组数据共获得47 690条unigenes,其中31 892条在NR、Swiss-Prot、KEGG、COG、KOG、GO和Pfam数据库获得注释,其中208个unigenes参与益智多糖的生物合成,涉及15个酶。表达分析表明,所筛选的18个基因在茎、叶、果实中均有表达,14个基因在果实中的表达量最高,以糖基转移酶基因和UDP-葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶基因的表达量最高,且其表达模式与不同组织中葡萄糖含量的变化一致。     

乳酸菌在苹果酒酿造中的应用

乳酸菌用于苹果酒酿造中 ,可以触发苹果酸 乳酸发酵 ,通过分解苹果酸 ,产生乳酸 ,并引起其他有机酸的变化而使苹果酒的口感质量得以改善。供试的 3个乳酸菌种中 ,L3由于具有较高的苹果酸分解速率 ,发酵的苹果酒感官质量优良而成为苹果酒苹果酸 乳酸发酵的优良菌种。pH、温度、二氧化硫、酒度通过影响乳酸菌的活动而对苹果酸 乳酸发酵产生一定的影响     

虫酰肼及其衍生物0593对家蚕的毒性及作用机理

为明确虫酰肼衍生物0593对家蚕Bombyx mori的毒性,本研究采用食下毒叶法测定了虫酰肼及其衍生物0593对家蚕的毒性,观察了亚致死浓度下对家蚕生长发育的影响,并测定了虫酰肼及其衍生物0593对家蚕幼虫体内保护酶的影响,对虫酰肼0593的作用机理进行了初步探索。结果表明：虫酰肼及其衍生物0593对2龄家蚕96 h的LC₅₀值分别为1.2863和0.3364 mg·L^-1,属高毒级药剂;虫酰肼及其衍生物0593在亚致死剂量下对家蚕的生长发育有明显的不利性,可使幼虫历期缩短0.5～2 d;处理组眠期体重、全茧量、蛹重和化蛹率与对照相比均显著降低;对4龄幼虫体内多酚氧化酶和几丁质酶也有较明显影响,虫酰肼及其衍生物0593处理家蚕,处理后6 h对体内多酚氧化酶有明显激活作用,12 h后表现出显著的抑制作用;虫酰肼及其衍生物0593对家蚕体内几丁质酶均有激活作用。0593对保护酶的影响较虫酰肼明显。结果提示虫酰肼及其衍生物0593对家蚕毒性高,对其生长发育和保护酶类均有不利性,不适合在桑园及其周边农田使用。