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A review of experimental and theoretical works upon perception of emotions in speech is introduced. The main approaches to experimental study and different types of stimulation are considered. Clinical research and experiments upon healthy subjects investigate the brain organization of emotional speech recognition. In the works by Rusalova, Kislova integral psychophysiological preconditions for the successfulness of the recognition of speech emotional expression were studied. As a result of the investigation, extreme groups of persons were identified: with high indices of "emotional hearing" and with low level of recognition of emotions. Analysis of EEG included comparison of different EEG parameters between two groups: values of EEG power, the dominating frequencies, percentage of different EEG-bands in the summary EEG power, coherence, values of EEG inter- and intra-hemispheric asymmetry, etc. The subjects with low identification rates showed a higher brain activation and reactivity both during the emotion identification task and at rest as compared to the subjects with high identification rates. The data obtained reveal specific activation within the left frontal regions, as well as the right posterior temporal cortex during nonverbal recognition of emotions. 相似文献
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Rusalov VM Rusalova MN Strel'nikova EV 《Zhurnal vysshe? nervno? deiatelnosti imeni I P Pavlova》2000,50(3):388-394
The purpose of this work was to experimentally ascertain the relationships between human formal-dynamic properties (temperament) and characteristics of his/her motivation sphere associated with the choice of a profession. Thirty eight students of a sports institute (aged 19-28) took part in the study. The formal-dynamic properties were assessed with the help of Rusalov's Questionnaire. The motivation of the choice of profession was assessed with the help of the specially developed test questionnaire. Two main components of choice motivation were identified: the value of the profession and probability of mastering this profession. It was found that persons of sanguine temperament (with a higher capacity for work, mobile and quick) are oriented primarily to the value of profession, while persons of melancholic temperament to the probability of mastering this profession. 相似文献
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Rusalova MN Kalashnikova IG 《Zhurnal vysshe? nervno? deiatelnosti imeni I P Pavlova》2000,50(2):200-205
A capability for voluntary regulation of the intensity of spontaneous mental verbal associations (without external feedback) was found in several persons from 28 examined subjects. Due to this capability, these persons could control the level of consciousness and voluntary produce the corresponding EEG changes from the EEG enhancement to substantial decrease in its power (to appearance of the flattened EEG). 相似文献
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The tropane alkaloid (TA) scopolamine is suggested to protect Brugmansia suaveolens (Solanaceae) against herbivorous insects. To test this prediction in a natural environment, scopolamine was induced by methyl jasmonate (MJ) in potted plants which were left 10?days in the field. MJ-treated plants increased their scopolamine concentration in leaves and herbivory decreased. These findings suggest a cause?Ceffect relationship. However, experiments in laboratory showed that scopolamine affect differently the performance of the specialist larvae of the ithomiine butterfly Placidina euryanassa (C. Felder & R. Felder) and the generalist fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith): the specialist that sequester this TA from B. suaveolens leaves was not negatively affected, but the generalist was. Therefore, scopolamine probably acts only against insects that are not adapted to TAs. Other compounds that are MJ elicited may also play a role in plant resistance against herbivory by generalist and specialist insects, and deserve future investigations. 相似文献
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Psychophysiological analysis of the relationship between the level of consciousness and the brain activation permitted an identification of three levels of consciousness at the transition from wakefulness to sleep. A change in the intensity and quality of involuntarily mental processes served as an index of the level of consciousness according to subjects' self-reports. It was found that a certain EEG profile corresponds to each level of consciousness under study. Data obtained showed that the lowest level of activation corresponds to a state in which a subject notes an inhibition of "internal speech", "failure of thoughts". At this case the dynamics of the EEG high frequency rhythm changes which is possibly related to the mechanism of transmission of cognitive information. 相似文献
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On the basis of behavioral characteristics while performing operator activity under the conditions of emotional stress, two types of subjects were identified with different neurophysiological reactions to emoional stress. In high stress resistant subjects, irrespective of the character of errors under stress, a decrease in the spectral power of theta-rhythm and an increase in the power in beta hand was observed. As compared to low stress resistant subjects, they were characterized by the predominance of activity of the right hemisphere. In low stress resistant subjects during the work under stress conditions the spectral power in beta-1 hand decreased. As compared to high stress resistant, they were characterized by the predominance of the left hemisphere. 相似文献
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Rusalova MN Kislova OO Obraztsova GV 《Rossi?skii fiziologicheski? zhurnal imeni I.M. Sechenova / Rossi?skaia akademiia nauk》2012,98(4):469-478
The coherency characteristics of the brain electrical activity were studied in two groups of subjects: 1) with high and 2) low indexes of "emotional ear" (an ability to successfully recognize emotions in the speech). Comparison of the coherency links between two groups of subjects permitted the authors to make a conclusion that the persons of the first group had a much lower coherency level, especially in the alpha- and gamma-rhythms. The subjects of the second group were characterized by the opposite tendency: an increase in coherent links on the majority of frequency bands. 相似文献
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MN Kaggwa N Straubinger-Gansberger M Schagerl 《African Journal of Aquatic Science》2018,43(2):123-129
Nine small artificial dams located in different climatic regions of Kenya were studied. The local communities use the stored water for various purposes, such as irrigation, domestic use, watering of livestock and cage fish farming. Such intense use is commonly accompanied by eutrophication, including fast growth of cyanobacteria, which at times produce cyanotoxins threatening human and animal life. We studied the pelagic community, analysed abiotic variables and identified microcystins by means of high performance liquid chromatography and ELISA kits at monthly intervals over a period of one year. Mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was used to identify structural variants of microcystins by their protonated masses (M + H). Three dams contained microcystins, with the highly toxic Microcystin-LR being identified as the most prominent substance. Cell content of the toxin varied from 7.2 to 686.7 fg cell?1. Basic limnological variables that indicate the probability of toxin presence were also recorded. Non-parametric Mann–Whitney U-test revealed significant differences in soluble reactive phosphorous, nitrate-N, water depth, total hardness and post-Nauplii stages sampled between toxin-producing and non-toxin-producing dams. Although most of the samples did not contain high amounts of cyanobacteria, the cyanotoxin-problem was evident, suggesting the need for regular cyanotoxin monitoring programs. 相似文献