五株乳酸菌和三株芽孢杆菌的生物学特性和功能

【背景】乳酸菌和芽孢杆菌是应用于生产最多的益生菌,但不同菌株间的生长特性均不相同,因此了解菌株的生物学特性具有重要意义。【目的】研究菌株的生物学特性,能合理地开发和利用菌株,以保证菌株生产应用的安全性。【方法】活化后鉴定5株乳酸菌和3株芽孢杆菌并对其形态进行观察,探究菌株的生长曲线、产酸能力及最适生长条件,测定菌株的抑菌活性和产酶性能,同时探究菌株的益生性和安全性。【结果】五株乳酸菌分别编号鉴定为干酪乳杆菌R1、副干酪乳杆菌R2、香肠乳杆菌R3、福莱乳杆菌R4和唾液乳杆菌R5;3株芽孢杆菌分别编号命名为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌Y1、枯草芽孢杆菌Y2和地衣芽孢杆菌Y3。八株菌形态结构均不相同但都为杆状,均在2–10 h为对数生长期,18–24 h为稳定期,培养24 h时乳酸菌和芽孢杆菌的活菌数均保持在10⁹和10⁸ CFU/mL,最适生长温度为37.0℃。乳酸菌具有较强的产酸能力和抑菌活性,芽孢杆菌有较强的产酶性,在人工胃液中都有较强的耐受性。八株菌都无溶血活性、无毒力基因、对抗生素都保持中度敏感以上;其中唾液乳杆菌有四环素耐药基因,但对四环素抗性为中度敏感。【结论】八株菌生长繁殖速度快,乳酸菌产酸能力和抑菌活性较强,芽孢杆菌具有较强的产酶性能,在体外具有较好的益生性和安全性,可应用于生产实践。     

Identification of NaCl and NaHCO3 stress responsive proteins in tomato roots using iTRAQ-based analysis

Soil salinity and alkalinity are common constraints to crop productivity in low rainfall regions of the world. However, the physiological difference of plant response to these two stresses was short of deep investigation. This study has identified a set of differentially expressed proteins of tomato root exploring to NaCl and NaHCO₃ stress by iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation) assay. A total of 313 proteins responsive to NaCl and NaHCO₃ were observed. Among these proteins, 70 and 114 proteins were up-regulated by salt and alkali stress, respectively. While down-regulated proteins were 80 in salt treatment and 83 in alkali treatment. Only 39 up-regulated proteins and 30 down-regulated proteins were shared by salt and alkali stresses. The majority of the down-regulated proteins accounted for metabolism and energy conversion, and the up-regulated proteins were involved in signaling or transport. Compared with salt stress, alkali stress down-regulated proteins related with the respiratory metabolism, fatty acid oxidative metabolism and nitrogenous metabolism of tomato roots, and up-regulated protein with the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and ion transport. This study provides a novel insight into tomato roots response to salt and alkali stress at a large translation level.     

黄鳝摄食蚊幼虫的研究

蚊虫是疟疾、丝虫病、流行性乙型脑炎和登革炎传播媒介,消灭蚊子有助于减少人类疾病的传染。然而 ,长期的化学药物防治使蚊虫产生抗药性 ,而且污染环境2-4 ,因此有人进行生物防治的研究和应用,但国内外未见利用黄鳝灭蚊幼的报道。进行黄鳝摄食蚊幼虫的研究5-10 ,可为生物灭蚊的研究提出一条新的思路 ,并积累基础资料。       

长白山阔叶红松林生长季热量平衡变化特征

根据长白山阔叶红松林2001年5月下旬至10月上旬微气象梯度观测资料和辐射、土壤热通量资料,用波文比-能量平衡方法(BREB方法)计算了森林的显热通量和感热通量,并计算了森林大气和植被体的储热量,分析了阔叶红松林热量平衡各项的日变化和季节变化,结果发现,热量平衡(净辐射)与太阳总辐射呈线性关系;热量平衡各项都与净辐射有相同的日变化特征,为昼正夜负的曲线．各项的绝对值一般表现为净辐射>潜热通量>感热通量>储热变化．受日照时间的影响,6～10月各分量正值的日持续时间逐渐缩短．月平均结果,白天净辐射6月份最大,10月上旬最小,变化于0～527W·m^-2,夜间的净辐射在0～-121W·m^-2．潜热通量白天和夜间分别在0～441、0～-81W·m^-2,感热通量昼夜分别在0～80、0～-26W·m^-2．储热变化则为0～44、0～-26W·m^-2．白天潜热通量占净辐射的比例8～10月逐渐下降,而感热通量和储热变化的比例9～10月明显上升,特别在严霜后2～3d,出现潜热通量比例突减、感热通量比例突增的现象．文中还对通量观测仪器、方法进行了简要分析．     

葛洲坝枢纽下游白鲟性腺发育的初步观察

白鲟Psephurus gladius(Martens)是我国特有的稀珍鱼类,近年来对其生物学做了一些初步的研究。鉴于它的种群较小,在学术上具有较为重要的价值,所以,长江兴修水利工程以后对其资源的影响及资源保护和增殖问题,特别是聚集于坝下江段的白鲟亲鱼性腺能否发育成熟等问题,和中华鲟一样引起了水产科学工作者的普遍关注。       

武汉东湖浮游病毒的丰度及多样性

运用透射电镜及荧光显微技术 ,对富营养化的武汉东湖中浮游病毒丰度及多样性进行了研究。电镜观察和计数结果显示 ,东湖中浮游病毒的丰度达到 10 8个 /mL。荧光显微镜计数结果约是电镜计数结果的 2 72倍 ,差异极显著 (P <0 0 1)。在东湖超富营养区的水样中观察到了多种与各种病毒形态类似的颗粒 ,其中大部分与噬菌体和噬藻体类似 ,具多种形态的尾部和六边形头部。还有一些线状、杆状、子弹形等形态的病毒粒子。研究结果显示东湖水环境中的浮游病毒不仅丰度极高 ,而且种类丰富。提示浮游病毒在东湖水环境和水生态系统中可能扮演重要角色。     

温度和食物对稻虱缨小蜂发育、存活和繁殖的影响

在白背飞虱(Sogatella furcifera(Hovàrth))卵内,稻虱缨小蜂(Anagrus nilparvatae Pang et Wang)的发育起点温度为10.6℃,有效积温为162.3日度,随着温度上升,发育加快;寿命(y_1,D_(10.4)~0C)、产卵量(y_2,粒/♀)、产出卵率则在适宜温度范围(23—26℃)内最大,高低温区内均呈下降趋势,其方程分别为:y_1=exp(-0.04187+0.3612x-7.4654×10~(-3)x~2),y_2=exp(-1.9539+0.4563x-0.01001x~2),式中x为温度。温度对未产出卵量影响不显著;对子代雌性比的影响也不显著,其平均值为0.7631。温度主要通过对产卵量和产卵速率来影响繁殖力,理论上27.3℃时周限增长率λ最大,达1.2374倍/天。成虫期供蜜加水时的产卵量、产出卵率和寿命显著比仅供水时的高或长。此研究为预测害虫种群发展,充分利用天敌资源,达到综合管理害虫提供了科学依据。     

不同氮源及CO_2浓度下湖泊微拟球藻的生长及产油特性分析

<正>工业生产排放的各种废气与污水污染人类赖以生存的环境。化石燃料燃烧除排放出大量CO2外,还释放出含有粉尘、SO[x和NOx等直接危害人类健康的有毒成分1]。其中NO]x与水结合后最终会转化成硝酸盐或亚硝酸盐等[2,导致污水中的含氮化合物氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、硝酸盐氮和有机氮的含量通常偏高。如何有效去除污水中的氮是防治水体污染最关键的步骤之一,而利用微藻培养去除水体中的氮源是目前研究的热点。尽管生物燃料生产的成本远     

植物转基因沉默与病毒抗性

对植物基因沉默的机制及其在植物抗病毒基因工程中的应用作了综述.植物转基因沉默是转基因植株中普遍发生的一种现象,引起植物转基因沉默的原因是多方面的,但主要涉及转录水平的基因沉默和转录后水平的基因沉默.植物对病毒的抗性机制在某些方面与基因沉默有相似之处.     

Association between polymorphisms in the promoter region of interleukin-10 and susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease

The aim of this study was to assess the association of polymorphisms in the promoter region of the IL-10 gene with the risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Fifteen studies (3,693 cases and 4,574 controls) were included in a meta-analysis of association between IL-10 ?1082G/A, ?819C/T and ?592C/A polymorphisms, and IBD, CD and UC using allele contrast and the recessive, dominant, and additive models. Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium was confirmed for each study. Heterogeneity and study quality were investigated using stratification analyses and sensitivity analyses. Polymorphism ?1082G/A showed significant association with CD, with odds ratios (ORs) for the GG + GA genotype and GG versus AA genotype of 1.278 (1.004–1.627) and 1.238 (1.027–1.492) in all subjects. Significant associations were found in the Caucasian subgroup using the allele contrast, dominant, and additive models. C-allele carriers of the ?819C/T polymorphism were at increased risk of IBD (OR 1.093, 95 % CI 1.004–1.190). Association with the ?819C/T polymorphism was also found in Caucasians with CD (C vs. T: OR 1.104, 95 % CI 1.010–1.206; CC + CT vs. TT: OR 1.328, 95 % CI 1.006–1.754; CC vs. TT: OR 1.339, 95 % CI 1.008–1.778), and with UC (CC vs. CT + TT: OR 1.188, 95 % CI 1.019–1.385). No significant association was found between the ?592C/A polymorphism and IBD, CD or UC. In conclusion, the meta-analysis demonstrated clear association between the IL-10 polymorphisms ?1082G/A and ?819C/T and the risk of IBD.