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A reproducible system for somatic embryogenesis and plantlet formation of
sandalwood has been developed. A high frequency (100%) of somatic embryos
were induced directly from various explants in MS (Murashige and Skoog,
1962) medium with thidiazuron (1 or 2 M) or
indirectly in medium containing 2,4-D plus thidiazuron. Within 8 weeks,
white globular somatic embryos or friable embryogenic tissue developed on
cultured explants. In S. album the globular somatic
embryos were transferred to MS medium supplemented with IAA (6 M) and kinetin (1 and M) where they
developed further, multiplied and maintained friable embryogenic tissue.
After 15-30 d, mature somatic embryos (1-2 mm) with well-developed
cotyledons were separated and subcultured on to medium containing GA3 (6
M) for germination. Once germinated, elongated somatic embryos
(10-20 mm long) grew further in MS supplemented with lower GA3 (3
M). In S. spicatum, the addition of casein
hydrolysate and coconut milk was necessary for plantlet development from
somatic embryos. From histological studies, it appeared that primary
somatic embryos arose from single cells or had a multicellular origin from
the epidermis or cortical parenchyma. Secondary somatic embryos and friable
embryogenic tissue differentiated from groups of proembryogenic cells from
a superficial layer of the primary somatic embryos.Keywords:
Santalum album, Santalum spicatum, somatic
embryogenesis, histological studies.
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