Zur h?henverbreitung der v?gel

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Structural studies of the capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella type 59.

The structure of the capsular polysaccharide from Klebsiella type 59 has been investigated by methylation analysis, a modified Smith-degradation procedure, and uronic acid degradation followed by oxidation and elimination of the substituents of the oxidized residue. The oligomeric fragments produced by these degradative procedures were isolated and characterized. O-Acetyl groups were identified and their position determined. The polysaccharide consists of the following pentasaccharide repeating-unit (dotted lines indicate that only some of the residues carry the O-acetyl substituent). See article.     

Associations between Extending Access to Primary Care and Emergency Department Visits: A Difference-In-Differences Analysis

BackgroundHealth services across the world increasingly face pressures on the use of expensive hospital services. Better organisation and delivery of primary care has the potential to manage demand and reduce costs for hospital services, but routine primary care services are not open during evenings and weekends.Extended access (evening and weekend opening) is hypothesized to reduce pressure on hospital services from emergency department visits. However, the existing evidence-base is weak, largely focused on emergency out-of-hours services, and analysed using a before-and after-methodology without effective comparators.ConclusionsThe study found that extending access was associated with a reduction in emergency department visits in the first 12 months. The results of the research have already informed the decision by National Health Service England to extend primary care access across Greater Manchester from 2016. However, further evidence is needed to understand whether extending primary care access is cost-effective and sustainable.     

STING Millennium Suite: integrated software for extensive analyses of 3d structures of proteins and their complexes

Background  

The integration of many aspects of protein/DNA structure analysis is an important requirement for software products in general area of structural bioinformatics. In fact, there are too few software packages on the internet which can be described as successful in this respect. We might say that what is still missing is publicly available, web based software for interactive analysis of the sequence/structure/function of proteins and their complexes with DNA and ligands. Some of existing software packages do have certain level of integration and do offer analysis of several structure related parameters, however not to the extent generally demanded by a user.     

Time and dose effect of transdermal nicotine on endothelial function

Nicotine patches are available as an over-the-counter medication for aid in smoking cessation. This study was designed to determine how nicotine patch therapy over time and dose ranges used in smoking cessation programs in humans affects endothelium-dependent relaxations. Dogs were treated with nicotine patches (11, 22, or 44 mg/day) for 2 and 5 wk. Circulating nicotine and oxidized products of nitric oxide (NOx) were measured. Coronary arteries were prepared for measurement of isometric force and aortic endothelial cells were prepared for measurement of mRNA or NO synthase (NOS) activity. Circulating nicotine increased with increasing concentrations of nicotine patches. After 5 wk of treatment with 22 mg/day patches, circulating NOx was reduced but NOS activity was increased. NOS mRNA was similar among groups. Only after 5 wk of treatment with 22 mg/day patches were endothelium-dependent relaxations reduced to alpha(2)-adrenergic agonists, ADP, and the calcium ionophore A-23187. These results suggest a time and biphasic dose effect of nicotine treatment on endothelium-dependent responses that may be related to bioavailability of NO. This complex relationship of duration and dose of nicotine treatment may explain, in part, discrepancies in effects of nicotine on endothelium-dependent responses.     

Spectral properties of mosquito Aedes flavescens iridovirus

The UV absorption of the virions of mosquito Aedes flavescens iridovirus (AfIV) is shown to be due to the absorption of all viral components (capsid proteins, lipids and DNA). The AfIV virion fluorescence at room temperature is caused by the fluorescence of capsid proteins, while at low temperatures (5 K, 77 K) it is related to the fluorescence of both capsid proteins and viral DNA. The analysis of low-temperature virion phosphorescence makes it possible to identify the type of nucleic acid inside the virus. The results of the AfIV DNA analysis as well as determination of the lipid composition of virion shell are reported. The amino acid composition of the major capsid protein of the iridovirus is determined by means of sequencing the DNA fragment that is a part of the protein gene.     

Genome-scale metabolic reconstruction and <Emphasis Type="Italic">in silico</Emphasis> analysis of methylotrophic yeast <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pichia pastoris</Emphasis> for strain improvement

Background  

Pichia pastoris has been recognized as an effective host for recombinant protein production. A number of studies have been reported for improving this expression system. However, its physiology and cellular metabolism still remained largely uncharacterized. Thus, it is highly desirable to establish a systems biotechnological framework, in which a comprehensive in silico model of P. pastoris can be employed together with high throughput experimental data analysis, for better understanding of the methylotrophic yeast's metabolism.     

Science in Risk Assessment and Policy (SciRAP): An Online Resource for Evaluating and Reporting In Vivo (Eco)Toxicity Studies

(Eco)toxicity studies conducted according to internationally standardized test guidelines are often considered reliable by default and preferred as key evidence in regulatory risk assessment. At the same time regulatory agencies emphasize the use of all relevant (eco)toxicity data in the risk assessment process, including non-standard studies. However, there is a need to facilitate the use of such studies in regulatory risk assessment. Therefore, we propose a framework that facilitates a systematic and transparent evaluation of the reliability and relevance of (eco)toxicity in vivo studies for health and environmental risk assessment. The framework includes specific criteria to guide study evaluation, as well as a color-coding tool developed to aid the application of these criteria. In addition we provide guidance intended for researchers on how to report non-standard studies to ensure that they meet regulatory requirements. The intention of the evaluating and reporting criteria is to increase the usability of all relevant data that may fill information gaps in chemical risk assessments. The framework is publically available online, free of charge, at the Science in Risk Assessment and Policy (SciRAP) website: www.scirap.org. The aim of this article is to present the framework and resources available at the SciRAP website.