Expression and signal regulation of the alternative oxidase genes under abiotic stresses

Plants in their natural environment frequently face various abiotic stresses, such as drought, high salinity, and chilling. Plant mitochondria contain an alternative oxidase （AOX）, which is encoded by a small family of nuclear genes. AOX genes have been shown to be highly responsive to abiotic stresses. Using transgenic plants with varying levels of AOX expression, it has been confirmed that AOX genes are im- portant for abiotic stress tolerance. Although the roles of AOX under abiotic stresses have been extensively studied and there are several excellent reviews on this topic, the differential expression patterns of the AOX gene family members and the signal regulation of AOX gene（s） under abiotic stresses have not been extensively summarized. Here, we review and discuss the current progress of these two important issues.     

长尾粉蚧的生物学特性及防治

长尾粉蚧是厦门市行道树的重要害虫,一年发生5～6代。长尾粉蚧以老熟若虫在叶背或枝条上越冬,翌年3月中旬越冬若虫开始活动,取食。若虫期约60天,卵期6天,成虫期13天。已知天敌有隐唇瓢虫、红点唇瓢虫、草岭等,前者为主要天敌。试验表明,敌敌畏、氧化乐果、甲胺磷、辛硫磷、敌百虫、呋喃丹等农药对若虫均有良好防治效果。     

人参皂甙Rg1抗OxLDL诱导内皮细胞凋亡及分子机制

目的 探讨人参皂甙Rg1抑制氧化低密度脂蛋白（oxidized low-density lipoprotein,OxLDL)诱导血管内皮细胞凋亡的作用及其相关分子机制。方法 以体外培养的牛主动脉内皮细胞为模型。分别加入OxLDL200μg/ml(OxLDL组）和OxLDL200μg/ml Rg140μg/ml（Rg1组）;对照组不加任何诱导物,培养24小时后观察细胞形态变化,DNA电泳,TUNEL染色检测细胞有无凋亡及凋亡的程度,Western blot分析各组内皮细胞型一氧化氮合酶（endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase,eNOS)的表达水平。结果 （1）对照组和OxLDL组血管内皮细胞凋亡比例分别为8%和41.35%;(2)Rg1组血管内皮细胞凋亡比例为13.29%;(3)OxLDL抑制牛主动脉内皮细胞的eNOS表达水平,此抑制作用具有剂量依赖性。人参皂甙Rg1可使被OxLDL抑制的eNOS表达水平回升。结论 （1）OxLDL能诱导血管内皮细胞凋亡。（2）人参皂甙Rg1能抑制OxLDL诱导的血管内皮细胞凋亡。（3）此作用可能与上调内皮细胞的eNOS水平,减轻细胞的脂质过氧化损伤有关。     

CircGFRA1 facilitates the malignant progression of HER-2-positive breast cancer via acting as a sponge of miR-1228 and enhancing AIFM2 expression

CircRNAs (circular RNA) are reported to regulate onset and progress multiple cancers. Nonetheless, the function along with the underlying mechanisms of circRNAs in HER-2-positive breast cancer (BC) remains unclear. CircRNA microarrays were performed to elucidate expression profiles of HER-2-positive BC cells. circRNA levels were quantified using qRT-PCR assay. Various in vitro along with in vivo assays were employed to further explore the effects of circGFRA1 in the progress of HER-2-positive BC and interactions of circGFRA1, miR-1228 and AIFM2 in Her-2-positive BC. CircGFRA1 was remarkably upregulated in HER-2-positive BC. Knockdown of circGFRA1 could attenuate HER-2-positive BC progression by inhibiting the proliferation, infiltration and migratory ability of HER-2-positive BC cells. Through ceRNA mechanism, circGFRA1 could bind to miR-1228 and alleviate inhibitory activity of miR-1228 on targeted gene AIFM2. In summary, circGFRA1-miR-1228-AIFM2 axis regulates HER-2-positive BC. CircGFRA1 is a novel promising treatment option for HER-2-positive BC.     

反义CD151基因转染对大鼠血管平滑肌细胞迁移的影响

目的观察pcDNA3.1真核表达载体介导的反义CD151基因转染对培养的大鼠动脉平滑肌细胞(VSMCs)迁移的影响。方法构建携带全长正义和反义CD151的真核表达载体pcDNA3.1-CD151和pcDNA3.1-anti-CD151重组质粒,转染体外培养的VSMCs,以RT-PCR和Western blot方法检测CD151的表达,用Boyden趋化小室方法观察细胞迁移。结果与载体对照组、脂质体对照组和空白对照组3组均值比较,转染48h后,反义CD151组mRNA表达降低58%,蛋白表达降低51%,正义CD151组的VSMCs CD151mRNA表达增加171%,蛋白表达增加133%;趋化迁移的细胞数,反义CD151组为37.9±6.3,正义CD151组为86.5±12.4;载体对照组、脂质体对照组和空白对照组分别为60.3±7.1、61.8±7.6和67.3±9.6。反义CD151组显著低于其余各组(P<0.01),正义CD151组显著高于其余各组(P<0.01)。结论pcDNA3.1真核表达载体介导的反义CD151转染,通过抑制CD151的表达,能够显著抑制大鼠VSMCs的迁移。     

Lung inflation with hydrogen during the cold ischemia phase decreases lung graft injury in rats

Hydrogen has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on lung ischemia–reperfusion injury when it is inhaled by donor or/and recipient. This study examined the effects of lung inflation with 3% hydrogen during the cold ischemia phase on lung graft function in rats. The donor lung was inflated with 3% hydrogen, 40% oxygen, and 57% nitrogen at 5 mL/kg, and the gas was replaced every 20 min during the cold ischemia phase for 2 h. In the control group, the donor lung was inflated with 40% oxygen and 60% nitrogen at 5 mL/kg. The recipient was euthanized 2 h after orthotropic lung transplantation. The hydrogen concentration in the donor lung during the cold ischemia phase was 1.99–3%. The oxygenation indices in the arterial blood and pulmonary vein blood were improved in the hydrogen group. The inflammation response indices, including lung W/D ratio, the myeloperoxidase activity in the grafts, and the levels of IL-8 and TNF-α in serum, were significantly lower in the hydrogen group (5.2 ± 0.8, 0.76 ± 0.32 U/g, 340 ± 84 pg/mL, and 405 ± 115 pg/mL, respectively) than those in the control group (6.5 ± 0.7, 1.1 ± 0.5 U/g, 443 ± 94 pg/mL, and 657 ± 96 pg/mL, respectively (P < 0.05), and the oxidative stress indices, including the superoxide dismutase activity and the level of malonaldehyde in lung grafts were improved after hydrogen application. Furthermore, the lung injury score determined by histopathology, the cell apoptotic index, and the caspase-3 protein expression in lung grafts were decreased after hydrogen treatment, and the static pressure–volume curve of lung graft was improved by hydrogen inflation. In conclusion, lung inflation with 3% hydrogen during the cold ischemia phase alleviated lung graft injury and improved graft function.     

芥蓝miR156a家族进化特性及表达分析

miRNA广泛参与植物的发育过程。芥蓝形态多样,叶片发育因品种而异。为了解miR156a家族的进化特性及其在芥蓝叶片发育中的表达模式。该研究对芥蓝miR156a成员及其前体pre miR156a成员进行生物信息学分析,比较不同品种芥蓝叶形的差异,并采用qRT PCR方法分析芥蓝不同组织部位中pre miR156a的表达水平、以及叶形相似的芥蓝品种‘翠宝’和‘改良香菇’中不同类型叶片的pre miR156a成员及其靶基因的表达水平。结果表明：(1)多序列比对和进化树分析发现芥蓝miR156a家族成员和pre miR156a 3p_1在进化过程中高度保守;二级结构预测发现pre miR156a每个成员均能形成茎环结构并包含2～3个miR156a成员序列;靶基因预测显示miR156a 5p和miR156a主要靶向SPL,而miR156a 3p_1则靶向CTPS等不同的基因。(2)‘翠宝’和‘改良香菇’芥蓝的叶形最为相似,qRT PCR分析显示,pre miR156a在‘翠宝’营养生长期的叶片中高度表达。(3)pre miR156a成员在‘翠宝’和‘改良香菇’不同类型叶片中差异表达,pre miR156a主要在成熟叶和菇叶中表达,而pre miR156a 3p_1和pre miR156a 5p在第一片真叶中表达量更高。(4)靶基因分析的结果在不同品种中呈现不同趋势,‘翠宝’成熟叶中SPL10/15高表达,SPL2表达量降低;‘改良香菇’中SPL10在成熟叶和菇叶中表达降低,SPL15在菇叶中高表达,SPL2在不同类型叶片中表达无差异。研究认为,miR156a成员及其靶基因SPL2/10/15可能参与调控芥蓝叶片发育,不同品种中作用的靶基因可能存在差异,从而导致了各品种芥蓝叶片发育的差异。