全文获取类型
收费全文 | 260篇 |
免费 | 29篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
出版年
2018年 | 4篇 |
2017年 | 4篇 |
2016年 | 6篇 |
2015年 | 13篇 |
2014年 | 9篇 |
2013年 | 5篇 |
2012年 | 7篇 |
2011年 | 7篇 |
2010年 | 8篇 |
2009年 | 10篇 |
2008年 | 10篇 |
2007年 | 13篇 |
2006年 | 13篇 |
2005年 | 6篇 |
2004年 | 10篇 |
2003年 | 7篇 |
2002年 | 6篇 |
2001年 | 5篇 |
1999年 | 5篇 |
1998年 | 12篇 |
1997年 | 7篇 |
1996年 | 8篇 |
1995年 | 10篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 5篇 |
1992年 | 3篇 |
1991年 | 1篇 |
1990年 | 6篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 5篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 9篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 7篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 4篇 |
1977年 | 8篇 |
1976年 | 9篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
1971年 | 2篇 |
1969年 | 1篇 |
1967年 | 2篇 |
1966年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有290条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
Summary We have worked out conditions for the study of competence development and genetic transformation in Streptococcus oralis NCTC 11427 (type strain), a species that contains choline in the cell wall. The peak of competence was found at the early exponential phase of growth and the optimal conditions for transformation were achieved with shuttle plasmids prepared from S. pneumoniae or from Escherichia coli serving as donor DNA. Transformation with dye-bouyant density gradient purified plasmid preparations followed first-order kinetics. The pneumococcal amidase can be expressed in S. oralis harbouring a plasmid carrying the lytA gene. This enzyme lysed the cell wall of the transformed cell in the presence of detergents. 相似文献
3.
Searching for autolysin functions. Characterization of a pneumococcal mutant deleted in the lytA gene 总被引:22,自引:0,他引:22
J M Sanchez-Puelles C Ronda J L Garcia P Garcia R Lopez E Garcia 《European journal of biochemistry》1986,158(2):289-293
The first mutant of Streptococcus pneumoniae showing a complete deletion in the lytA gene coding for the N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanine amidase has been isolated and characterized. This amidase was previously the only autolysin detected in this species. This mutant shows a normal growth rate and can be transformed using either chromosomal or plasmid DNA. The most remarkable biological consequences of the absence of the amidase are the formation of small chains (six to eight cells) and the absence of lysis in the stationary phase of growth. In addition, this mutant exhibits a tolerant response against the beta-lactam antibiotics. 相似文献
4.
A comparative description of mitochondrial DNA differentiation in selected avian and other vertebrate genera 总被引:14,自引:1,他引:13
Levels of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence divergence between species
within each of several avian (Anas, Aythya, Dendroica, Melospiza, and
Zonotrichia) and nonavian (Lepomis and Hyla) vertebrate genera were
compared. An analysis of digestion profiles generated by 13-18 restriction
endonucleases indicates little overlap in magnitude of mtDNA divergence for
the avian versus nonavian taxa examined. In 55 interspecific comparisons
among the avian congeners, the fraction of identical fragment lengths (F)
ranged from 0.26 to 0.96 (F = 0.46), and, given certain assumptions, these
translate into estimates of nucleotide sequence divergence (p) ranging from
0.007 to 0.088; in 46 comparisons among the fish and amphibian congeners, F
values ranged from 0.00 to 0.36 (F = 0.09), yielding estimates of P greater
than 0.070. The small mtDNA distances among avian congeners are associated
with protein-electrophoretic distances (D values) less than approximately
0.2, while the mtDNA distances among assayed fish and amphibian congeners
are associated with D values usually greater than 0.4. Since the
conservative pattern of protein differentiation previously reported for
many avian versus nonavian taxa now appears to be paralleled by a
conservative pattern of mtDNA divergence, it seems increasingly likely that
many avian species have shared more recent common ancestors than have their
nonavian taxonomic counterparts. However, estimates of avian divergence
times derived from mtDNA- and protein-calibrated clocks cannot readily be
reconciled with some published dates based on limited fossil remains. If
the earlier paleontological interpretations are valid, then protein and
mtDNA evolution must be somewhat decelerated in birds. The empirical and
conceptual issues raised by these findings are highly analogous to those in
the long-standing debate about rates of molecular evolution and times of
separation of ancestral hominids from African apes.
相似文献
5.
Methods for computing the standard errors of branching points in an evolutionary tree and their application to molecular data from humans and apes 总被引:23,自引:2,他引:21
Statistical methods for computing the standard errors of the branching
points of an evolutionary tree are developed. These methods are for the
unweighted pair-group method-determined (UPGMA) trees reconstructed from
molecular data such as amino acid sequences, nucleotide sequences,
restriction-sites data, and electrophoretic distances. They were applied to
data for the human, chimpanzee, gorilla, orangutan, and gibbon species.
Among the four different sets of data used, DNA sequences for an
895-nucleotide segment of mitochondrial DNA (Brown et al. 1982) gave the
most reliable tree, whereas electrophoretic data (Bruce and Ayala 1979)
gave the least reliable one. The DNA sequence data suggested that the
chimpanzee is the closest and that the gorilla is the next closest to the
human species. The orangutan and gibbon are more distantly related to man
than is the gorilla. This topology of the tree is in agreement with that
for the tree obtained from chromosomal studies and DNA-hybridization
experiments. However, the difference between the branching point for the
human and the chimpanzee species and that for the gorilla species and the
human-chimpanzee group is not statistically significant. In addition to
this analysis, various factors that affect the accuracy of an estimated
tree are discussed.
相似文献
6.
Restriction cleavage maps of the DNAs of Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteriophages containing protein covalently bound to their 5'' ends 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Rubens López Concepción Ronda Pedro García Cristina Escarmís Ernesto García 《Molecular & general genetics : MGG》1984,197(1):67-74
Summary Several pneumococcal bacteriophages showing a morphology similar to that previously described for Cp-1 (Ronda et al. 1981) have been isolated and purified from throat samples taken from healthy children. Three of these phages (Cp-5, Cp-7 and Cp-9) have been studied in detail and compared to Cp-1. The four phages differed in several respects, e.g. size, structural polypeptides, restriction enzyme cleavage patterns, etc. The DNA of Cp-5, Cp-7 and Cp-9 showed protease-sensitive transfecting activity. This, together with the results obtained by electrophoretic analyses as well as by isotopic labelling of these DNAs with [-32P] ATP and polynucleotide kinase indicated that all these new phages have a protein covalently linked to the 5 ends of their DNAs as in the case of Cp-1 (García et al. 1983). Restriction enzyme cleavage maps of Cp-1, Cp-5, Cp-7 and Cp-9 have been constructed. 相似文献
7.
8.
Patricia L. Stranahan Jennifer Laroe Ronda McCombs Alex Goldsmith Iffat Rahim Mark Overland David E. Pettijohn 《Glycoconjugate journal》1996,13(5):741-747
Intratumoral phenotypic diversity is well documented with regard to tumor associated carbohydrate antigens (TACA). The factors which control the expression of these cell-surface oligosaccharides on different cells of the same tumor are not understood. We investigated the expression of a panel of mucin associated oligosaccharides in cell lines growing at different surface densities (number of cells per cm2 of growth flask). Results show that the apparent expression of extended Lea-Lex, Lea and Lex, sialyl Lea, Tn and sialyl Tn varies with density of growth by an invasive human squamous cell lung carcinoma cell line (NU6-1), a benign variant (NE-18) and the human lung epithelial cell line BEAS-2B. The results indicate that one of the factors influencing the apparent expression of mucin-associated oligosaccharides is cell-cell interactions.Abbreviations Mab
monoclonal antibody
- FIT
fluorescein isothiocyanate
- TACA
tumor associated carbohydrate antigen 相似文献
9.
Anonymous nuclear DNA markers in the American oyster and their implications for the heterozygote deficiency phenomenon in marine bivalves 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
A puzzling population-genetic phenomenon widely reported in allozyme
surveys of marine bivalves is the occurrence of heterozygote deficits
relative to Hardy-Weinberg expectations. Possible explanations for this
pattern are categorized with respect to whether the effects should be
confined to protein-level assays or are genomically pervasive and expected
to be registered in both protein- and DNA-level assays. Anonymous nuclear
DNA markers from the American oyster were employed to reexamine the
phenomenon. In assays based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), two
DNA-level processes were encountered that can lead to artifactual genotypic
scorings: (a) differential amplification of alleles at a target locus and
(b) amplification from multiple paralogous loci. We describe symptoms of
these complications and prescribe methods that should generally help to
ameliorate them. When artifactual scorings at two anonymous DNA loci in the
American oyster were corrected, Hardy-Weinberg deviations registered in
preliminary population assays decreased to nonsignificant values.
Implications of these findings for the heterozygote-deficit phenomenon in
marine bivalves, and for the general development and use of PCR-based
assays, are discussed.
相似文献
10.
Jonathan P. Rast Michele K. Anderson Ronda T. Litman M. Margittai Gary W. Litman Tatsuya Ota Michael J. Shamblott 《Immunogenetics》1994,40(2):83-99
The prototypic chondrichthyan immunoglobulin (Ig) light chain type (type I) isolated from Heterodontus francisci (horned shark) has a clustered organization in which variable (V), joining (J), and constant (C) elements are in relatively close linkage (V-J-C). Using a polymerase chain reaction-based approach on a light chain peptide sequence from the holocephalan, Hydrolagus colliei (spotted ratfish), it was possible to isolate members of a second light chain gene family. A probe to this light chain (type II) detects homologs in two orders of elasmobranchs, Heterodontus, a galeomorph and Raja erinacea (little skate), a batoid, suggesting that this light chain type may be present throughout the cartilaginous fishes. In all cases, V, J, and C regions of the type II gene are arranged in closely linked clusters typical of all known Ig genes in cartilaginous fishes. All representatives of this type II gene family are joined in the germline. A third (kappa-like) light chain type from Heterodontus is described. These findings establish that a degree of light chain class complexity comparable to that of the mammals is present in the most phylogenetically distant extant jawed vertebrates and that the phenomenon of germline-joined (pre-rearranged) genes, described originally in the heavy chain genes of cartilaginous fishes, extends to light chain genes. 相似文献