We isolated two strains of an unnamed Fusobacterium species from human intestinal microflora, which stereospecifically transformed bile acid 3-sulfates into C-3-unsubstituted, ring A-unsaturated bile acids. Both 3 alpha- and 3 beta-sulfates of 5 beta-bile acids were metabolized to delta 3-5 beta-cholenoic acids; 3 beta-sulfates of 5 alpha-bile acids were converted into a mixture of delta 2-5 alpha-bile acids and 3 alpha-hydroxy-5 alpha-bile acids, whereas 3 alpha-sulfates of 5 alpha-bile acids were left intact. Unsulfated bile acids were not transformed into unsaturated derivatives. These strains differ from previously isolated intestinal bacteria, which desulfated bile acid sulfates without further transformation. 相似文献
A weighing apparatus for automatic recording of fresh weight of shoots of spinach plants ( Spinacia oleracea L., cv. Subito) growing in nutrient solution is described. The system was tested for 17 days in a controlled environment and enabled the determination of the relative growth rate (RGR) of the shoot fresh weight. Results from three consecutive growth experiments demonstrated diurnal fluctuations in the relative growth rate of the shoot fresh weight. In general, relative growth rates were between 0.32 and 0.36 day−1 16 days after sowing and decreased to between 0.11 and 0.18 day−1 during the 12 following days. The variance between three replicate growth curves was compared with the variance of a growth function fitted through destructively obtained spinach shoot weight data. 相似文献
Oestradiol has been conjugated to allylamine-dUTP with an 11-atom spacer to allow enzymatic incorporation of the label into
DNA sequences. In a comparative DNA and mRNA FISH study we have used DNA probes that were either labelled with digoxigenin,
biotin or oestradiol. Results show that oestradiol-labelled probes can detect DNA and RNA sequences in FISH equally well as
digoxigenin- and biotin-labelled probes. Further, no crossreactivity between the various hapten-specific antibodies and the
three haptens were observed. Binding of the rabbit anti-oestradiol antibody to endogenous oestrogen in various tissues was
not observed under the conditions tested. In view of the increasing demands for multi-colour DNA and mRNA FISH applications,
oestradiol is a welcome addition to the collection of haptens employed in FISH.
Accepted 20 June 1997 相似文献
Summary The role of pyrimidine dimers in mutagenesis by ultraviolet light was examined by measuring the UV-induced reversion of six different bacteriophage M13 amber mutants for which the neighboring DNA sequences are known. The mutational response at amber (TAG) codons preceded by a guanine or adenine (where no pyrimidine dimer can be formed) were compared with those preceded by thymine or cytosine (where dimer formation is possible). Equivalent levels of UV-induced mutagenesis were observed at both kinds of sites. This observation demonstrates that there is no requirement for a pyrimidine dimer directly at the site of UV-induced mutation in this single-stranded DNA phage. UV irradiation of the phage was also performed in the presence of Ag+ ions, which specifically sensitize the DNA to dimer formation. The two methods of irradiation, when compared at equal survival levels (and presumably equal dimer frequencies), produced equivalent frequencies of reversion of the amber phage. We believe these results indicate that while the presence of pyrimidine dimers may be a prerequisite for UV mutagenesis, the actual mutagenic event can occur at a site some distance removed from a dimer. 相似文献
Summary Exposure of HTC cells to sodium butyrate caused inhibition of growth. The site of growth inhibition was studied by time-lapse
cinematography and [3H]thymidine incorporation studies. Evidence is presented that sodiunm butyrate affected the cell cycle at a specific point
immediately after mitosis. Inasmuch as it does not modify the interphase duration after its removal, butyrate may be used
for HTC synchronization.
This work was supported by l'Institut Nationale de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale and la Centre Nationale de la Recherche
Scientifique (L. T. and J. K.). 相似文献
Summary A floating collagen matrix culture of neonatal rat heart myocardial cells shows rhythmic contractions which are dependent
on localization of cells, cell density, and collagen concentration. The rhythmic contractions of the collagen matrix can be
registered by a device scanning the optical density at the edge of the gel and have been observed over a temperature range
from 9° to 40° C. The results of the present study underline the usefulness of myocardial cell populated collagen matrixes
for studies on coherent contractions of heart cell cultures. 相似文献
The inbred strains GRS/A and LIS/A carry the haplotypeH-2dx, which had earlier been shown to have theKd,If,Sf, andGf alleles and a previously unknownD region allele,Ddx. We show here that theDdx allele determines a new private specificity, H-2.63, is H-2.28 negative, and determines at least one public specificity of the H-2.1 family. It is thus a second example (afterDk) of a H-2.1-positive H-2.28-negativeD region allele. Capping experiments show that the Ddx product comprises two molecules: H-2Ddx bearing the private specificity H-2.63, and H-2Ldx, which is H-2.63-negative but reacts with sera against the H-2.1 family of specificities. SDS gel electrophoresis of detergent-solubilized immunoprecipitated Ddx products shows that the H-2Ldx antigen has a molecular weight of approximately 45,000 daltons and is associated with a smaller polypeptide (mol. wt. 12,000). 相似文献
Pine species have become invasive throughout the globe and threaten to replace native biota. The threat of pine invasion is particularly pressing in parts of the tropics where there are no native pines. The factors that govern pine invasion are not often well understood. However, key to pine survival is an obligate and mutualistic interaction with ectomycorrhizal fungi. Thus for pines to successfully invade new habitats compatible ectomycorrhizal fungi must already be present, or be co-introduced. The purpose of this study was to examine the community structure of non-native ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with pine invasions in the Hawaiian Islands. To accomplish this we executed a field and greenhouse study and used a molecular ecology approach to identify the fungi associating with invasive pines in Hawai‘i. We show that: (1) ectomycorrhizal fungal species richness in non-native pine plantations is far less than what is found in pine’s native range, (2) there was a significant decrease in average ectomycorrhizal fungal species richness as distance from pine plantations increased and, (3) Suillus species were the dominant fungi colonizing pines outside plantations. The keystone ectomycorrhizal fungal taxa responsible for pine establishment in Hawai‘i are within genera commonly associated with pine invasions throughout the globe. We surmise that these fungi share functional traits such as the ability for long-distance dispersal from plantations and host tree colonization via spore that lead to their success when introduced to new habitats. 相似文献
Brachyuran crabs are an important ecological and economical, yet often unstudied aspect of intertidal mudflats of the Arabian Peninsula. Here we provide baseline density estimates of crabs at the relatively pristine intertidal mudflats of Barr Al Hikman (Sultanate of Oman) and provide information on their life cycle and habitat preference. Across the winters of 2012–2015 crabs were sampled on a grid covering the entire intertidal depth gradient. 29 species were found and average densities varied between 12 and 54 crabs/m2. Deposit-feeding and herbivorous crabs were the most abundant species across all winters. Size frequency data and the presence of ovigerous females show that most crabs species reproduce in the intertidal area. P. segnis, the most important crab for local fisheries, was found to use the intertidal area as a nursery ground. We analysed the relationships between the two most abundant crab species, Macrophthalmus sulcatus and Thalamita poissonii and the environmental variables: seagrass density, tidal elevation, median grain size and sediment depth using Random Forest models. The predictive capacity of the models and the relative importance of the environmental predictors varied between years, but crab densities in general were positively associated with seagrass density, presumably because seagrass offers feeding habitat.