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排序方式: 共有163条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
A. Mezzelani Y. Zhang L. Redaelli B. Castiglioni P. Leone J. L. Williams S. Solinas Toldo G. Wigger R. Fries L. Ferretti 《Mammalian genome》1995,6(9):629-635
Gene mapping in cattle has progressed rapidly in recent years largely owing to the introduction of powerful genetic markers, such as the microsatellites, and through advances in physical mapping techniques such as synteny mapping and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Microsatellite markers are often not physically mapped because they are generally isolated from small insert plasmid libraries, which makes their chromosomal localization inefficient. In this report we describe the FISH mapping of a large group of cosmid-derived bovine microsatellite markers, as our contribution to the European mapping initiative, BovMap. One objective of BovMap is to develop a set of anchored loci for the cattle genome map.Two cosmid libraries were screened with probes corresponding to the (AC)
n
microsatellite motif. Positive clones were mapped by FISH, and then a subset was further analyzed by sequencing the region flanking the microsatellite repeat. In total, 58 clones were hybridized with chromosomes and identified loci on 22 of the 31 different bovine chromosomes. Three clones contained satellite DNA. Two or more markers were placed on 12 chromosomes. Sequencing of the microsatellites and flanking regions was performed directly from 43 cosmids, as previously reported (Ferretti et al. Anim. Genet. 25, 209–214, 1994). Primers were developed for 39 markers and used to describe the polymorphism associated with the corresponding loci. 相似文献
2.
From ligulate flowers of Matricaria chamomilla was isolated a mixture of apigenin 7-O-β-glucoside diacetates, which was shown to be based on (2″, 3″)- and (3″, 4″)-diacetates. 相似文献
3.
Michael J Stobart Debra Parchaliuk Sharon LR Simon Jillian LeMaistre Jozef Lazar Richard Rubenstein J David Knox 《Molecular neurodegeneration》2007,2(1):1-13
Background
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by a decline in cognitive function and accumulation of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) in extracellular plaques. Mutations in amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilins alter APP metabolism resulting in accumulation of Aβ42, a peptide essential for the formation of amyloid deposits and proposed to initiate the cascade leading to AD. However, the role of Aβ40, the more prevalent Aβ peptide secreted by cells and a major component of cerebral Aβ deposits, is less clear. In this study, virally-mediated gene transfer was used to selectively increase hippocampal levels of human Aβ42 and Aβ40 in adult Wistar rats, allowing examination of the contribution of each to the cognitive deficits and pathology seen in AD.Results
Adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors encoding BRI-Aβ cDNAs were generated resulting in high-level hippocampal expression and secretion of the specific encoded Aβ peptide. As a comparison the effect of AAV-mediated overexpression of APPsw was also examined. Animals were tested for development of learning and memory deficits (open field, Morris water maze, passive avoidance, novel object recognition) three months after infusion of AAV. A range of impairments was found, with the most pronounced deficits observed in animals co-injected with both AAV-BRI-Aβ40 and AAV-BRI-Aβ42. Brain tissue was analyzed by ELISA and immunohistochemistry to quantify levels of detergent soluble and insoluble Aβ peptides. BRI-Aβ42 and the combination of BRI-Aβ40+42 overexpression resulted in elevated levels of detergent-insoluble Aβ. No significant increase in detergent-insoluble Aβ was seen in the rats expressing APPsw or BRI-Aβ40. No pathological features were noted in any rats, except the AAV-BRI-Aβ42 rats which showed focal, amorphous, Thioflavin-negative Aβ42 deposits.Conclusion
The results show that AAV-mediated gene transfer is a valuable tool to model aspects of AD pathology in vivo, and demonstrate that whilst expression of Aβ42 alone is sufficient to initiate Aβ deposition, both Aβ40 and Aβ42 may contribute to cognitive deficits. 相似文献4.
Soncini M Vesentini S Ruffoni D Orsi M Deriu MA Redaelli A 《Biomechanics and modeling in mechanobiology》2007,6(6):399-407
Alpha-actinin is a cytoskeleton-binding protein involved in the assembly and regulation of the actin filaments. In this work
molecular dynamics method was applied to investigate the mechanical behaviour of the human skeletal muscle α-actinin. Five
configurations were unfolded at an elongation speed of 0.1 nm/ps in order to investigate the conformational changes occurring
during the extension process. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis at different velocities was performed for one of the R2–R3
spectrin-like repeat configuration extracted in order to evaluate the effect of the pulling speed on the mechanical behaviour
of the molecule. Two different behaviours were recognized with respect to the pulling speed. In particular, at speed higher
than 0.025 nm/ps a continuous rearrangement without evident force peaks was obtained, on the contrary at lower speed evident
peaks in the range 500–750 pN were detected. R3 repeat resulted more stable than R2 during mechanical unfolding, due to the
lower hydrophobic surface available to the solvent. The characterization of the R2–R3 units can be useful for the development
of cytoskeleton network models based on stiffness values obtained by analyses performed at the molecular level. 相似文献
5.
Redaelli A Vesentini S Soncini M Vena P Mantero S Montevecchi FM 《Journal of biomechanics》2003,36(10):1555-1569
Experimental studies on immature tendons have shown that the collagen fibril net is discontinuous. Manifold evidences, despite not being conclusive, indicate that mature tissue is discontinuous as well. According to composite theory, there is no requirement that the fibrils should extend from one end of the tissue to the other; indeed, an interfibrillar matrix with a low elastic modulus would be sufficient to guarantee the mechanical properties of the tendon. Possible mechanisms for the stress-transfer involve the interfibrillar proteoglycans and can be related to the matrix shear stress and to electrostatic non-covalent forces. Recent studies have shown that the glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) bound to decorin act like bridges between contiguous fibrils connecting adjacent fibril every 64-68 nm; this architecture would suggest their possible role in providing the mechanical integrity of the tendon structure. The present paper investigates the ability of decorin GAGs to transfer forces between adjacent fibrils. In order to test this hypothesis the stiffness of chondroitin-6-sulphate, a typical GAG associated to decorin, has been evaluated through the molecular mechanics approach. The obtained GAG stiffness is piecewise linear with an initial plateau at low strains (<800%) and a high stiffness region (3.1 x 10(-11)N/nm) afterwards. By introducing the calculated GAG stiffness in a multi-fibril model, miming the relative mature tendon architecture, the stress-strain behaviour of the collagen fibre was determined. The fibre incremental elastic modulus obtained ranges between 100 and 475 MPa for strains between 2% and 6%. The elastic modulus value depends directly on the fibril length, diameter and inversely on the interfibrillar distance. In particular, according to the obtained results, the length of the fibril is likely to play the major role in determining stiffness in mature tendons. 相似文献
6.
Casella L De Gioia L Silvestri GF Monzani E Redaelli C Roncone R Santagostini L 《Journal of inorganic biochemistry》2000,79(1-4):31-40
Microperoxidase-8 (MP8) and microperoxidase-9 (MP9) have been covalently modified by attachment of proline-containing residues to the amino terminal peptide chain in order to obtain new peroxidase model systems. The catalytic activities of these derivatives in the oxidation of p-cresol by hydrogen peroxide have been compared to that of MP8. The presence of steric hindrance above the heme reduces the formation rate of the catalytically active species, while the reactivity is increased when the amino group of a proline residue is close to the iron. The modification of the catalyst affects the rate of degradation processes undergone by the heme group during catalysis. A bulky aromatic group on the distal side decreases the stability of the complex because it reduces the mobility of a phenoxy radical species formed during catalysis, while the presence of proline residues increases the number of turnovers of the heme catalysts before degradation. The complex Pro2-MP8 obtained by addition of two proline residues to MP8 exhibits the best catalytic performance in terms of activity and chemical stability. 相似文献
7.
Biochemical and molecular characterization of Avena indolines and their role in kernel texture 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
8.
Marco Redaelli María Jimena Ricatti Marialaura Simonetto Mirko Claus Maurizio Ballabio Antonio Caretta Carla Mucignat-Caretta 《PloS one》2015,10(3)
Poor micturition control may cause profound distress, because proper voiding is mandatory for an active social life. Micturition results from the subtle interplay of central and peripheral components. It involves the coordination of autonomic and neuromuscular activity at the brainstem level, under the executive control of the prefrontal cortex. We tested the hypothesis that administration of molecules acting as reuptake inhibitors of serotonin, noradrenaline or both may exert a strong effect on the control of urine release, in a mouse model of overactive bladder. Mice were injected with cyclophosphamide (40 mg/kg), to increase micturition acts. Mice were then given one of four molecules: the serotonin reuptake inhibitor imipramine, its metabolite desipramine that acts on noradrenaline reuptake, the serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor duloxetine or its active metabolite 4-hydroxy-duloxetine. Cyclophosphamide increased urine release without inducing overt toxicity or inflammation, except for increase in urothelium thickness. All the antidepressants were able to decrease the cyclophosphamide effects, as apparent from longer latency to the first micturition act, decreased number of urine spots and volume of released urine. These results suggest that serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors exert a strong and effective modulatory effect on the control of urine release and prompt to additional studies on their central effects on brain areas involved in the social and behavioral control of micturition. 相似文献
9.
Gianluigi Forloni Mauro Tettamanti Ugo Lucca Yasmin Albanese Elena Quaglio Roberto Chiesa Alessandra Erbetta Flavio Villani Veronica Redaelli Fabrizio Tagliavini Vladimiro Artuso Ignazio Roiter 《朊病毒》2015,9(2):75-79
The text describes a preventive clinical trial with drug treatment in a very rare neurodegenerative disease (Fatal familial Insomnia, FFI) designed with the help of individuals at genetic risk of developing the disease, asymptomatic carriers, who have agreed to be exposed over a 10-year period to doxycycline, an antibiotic with anti-prion activity. At least 10 carriers of the FFI mutation over 42 y old will be treated with doxycycline (100 mg/die) and the incidence of the disease will be compared to that of an historical dataset. For ethical reasons a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was not feasible, however the study design and the statistical analysis ensure the scientific value of the results. This approach might represent an important breakthrough in terms of potential therapy and knowledge of rare diseases that could give some hopes to these neglected patients. 相似文献
10.
Alfonso Gautieri Simone Vesentini Alberto Redaelli 《Journal of molecular modeling》2010,16(12):1845-1851
The normal diffusion regime of many small and medium-sized molecules occurs on a time scale that is too long to be studied
by atomistic simulations. Coarse-grained (CG) molecular simulations allow to investigate length and time scales that are orders
of magnitude larger compared to classical molecular dynamics simulations, hence providing a valuable approach to span time
and length scales where normal diffusion occurs. Here we develop a novel multi-scale method for the prediction of diffusivity
in polymer matrices which combines classical and CG molecular simulations. We applied an atomistic-based method in order to
parameterize the CG MARTINI force field, providing an extension for the study of diffusion behavior of penetrant molecules
in polymer matrices. As a case study, we found the parameters for benzene (as medium sized penetrant molecule whose diffusivity
cannot be determined through atomistic models) and Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as polymer matrix. We validated our extended
MARTINI force field determining the self diffusion coefficient of benzene (2.27·10−9 m2 s−1) and the diffusion coefficient of benzene in PVA (0.263·10−12 m2 s−1). The obtained diffusion coefficients are in remarkable agreement with experimental data (2.20·10−9 m2 s−1 and 0.25·10−12 m2 s−1, respectively). We believe that this method can extend the application range of computational modeling, providing modeling
tools to study the diffusion of larger molecules and complex polymeric materials. 相似文献