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1.
Jinrapa Pothikasikorn Rapee Boonplueang Chalermchai Suebsaeng Rungpetch Khaengraeng Theeraphap Chareonviriyaphap 《Journal of vector ecology》2010,35(1):149-155
The colonization of Aedes aegypti and Anopheles dirus was performed using out‐of‐date human blood from a blood bank as a nutritional supply dispensed from a common artificial feeder. Preserved human blood was collected and used for feeding on days 5, 15, and 25 after date of expiration and dispensed from a common artificial feeder to rear the mosquitoes. Ae. aegypti had a feeding rate of 78.7, 62, and 18% at the respective intervals while An. dirus had a rate of 80, 56.8, and 7.3% on the same respective days. Direct feeding on live hamsters resulted in a rate of 96 and 90% for Ae. aegypti and An. dirus, respectively. Although egg production rates decreased from the day 5 feeding to the day 25 feeding, all of the developmental stages resulting from An. dirus fed at day 5 and 15 showed insignificant differences when compared with direct feeding on the blood of a hamster. 相似文献
2.
Thawatchai Kitti Rapee Thummeepak Aunchalee Thanwisai Kamala Boonyodying Duangkamol Kunthalert Pannika Ritvirool Sutthirat Sitthisak 《Indian journal of microbiology》2014,54(4):383-388
Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen that exists in hospital environments. The emergence of multidrug resistant A. baumannii (MDRAB) has been reported worldwide. It is necessary to find a novel and effective treatment for MDRAB infection. In this study, three bacteriophages, designated as ØABP-01, ØABP-02 and ØABP-04 were selected for analysis. Transmission electron microscopy showed that bacteriophage ØABP-01 belonged to the Podoviridae family and bacteriophage ØABP-02 and ØABP-04 are classified into the family Myoviridae. ØABP-01 had the widest host range. ØABP-01, ØABP-02 and ØABP-04 exhibited a latent period of 15, 20 and 20 min. The burst sizes of the three bacteriophages were 110, 120 and 150 PFU/cell. DNA restriction analysis using EcoRI, HindIII, PstI, SphI, BamHI and SmaI showed different DNA fragment patterns between the three bacteriophages. ØABP-01 and ØABP-04 was positive for the endolysin gene as determined by PCR. In conclusion, bacteriophage ØABP-01 showed broad host-specificity, good lytic activity and a short latency period, making it an appropriate candidate for studying the control and diagnosis associated with MDRAB infections. 相似文献
3.
Cholinesterase (ChE) was characterized in whole bodies of adult riceland prawns, Macrobrachium lanchesteri, based on substrate preference and inhibitor sensitivity. M. lanchesteri ChE activity was mainly attributable to acetylcholinesterase (AChE) since it preferentially hydrolyzed an AChE-specific substrate,
acetylthiocholine iodide, over s-butyrylthiocholine iodide and was sensitive to 1,5-bis-(4-allyldimethyl-ammoniumphenyl)-pentan-3-one dibromide, a specific
inhibitor for AChE. The effect of chlorpyrifos exposure on M. lanchesteri were also investigated. The 24, 48, 72 and 96 h LC50 values for chlorpyrifos were 3.37, 2.76, 2.58 and 2.53 μg L−1, respectively. Based on these values, adult M. lanchesteri were exposed to 0.5, 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 μg chlorpyrifos L−1 for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. Chlorpyrifos appeared to induce drastic enzymatic responses in M. lanchesteri. AChE activity was inhibited after 24 h of exposure in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The levels of lipid peroxidation
increased significantly after 24 h of exposure. However, the activities of the antioxidant enzyme, catalase, and the detoxification
enzyme, glutathione S-transferase, were reduced. In conclusion, M. lanchesteri is sensitive to chlorpyrifos and can serve as a bioindicator species for freshwater environmental assessment. 相似文献
4.
Ananworanich J Schuetz A Vandergeeten C Sereti I de Souza M Rerknimitr R Dewar R Marovich M van Griensven F Sekaly R Pinyakorn S Phanuphak N Trichavaroj R Rutvisuttinunt W Chomchey N Paris R Peel S Valcour V Maldarelli F Chomont N Michael N Phanuphak P Kim JH;RV/SEARCH Study Group 《PloS one》2012,7(3):e33948
Background
Limited knowledge exists on early HIV events that may inform preventive and therapeutic strategies. This study aims to characterize the earliest immunologic and virologic HIV events following infection and investigates the usage of a novel therapeutic strategy.Methods and Findings
We prospectively screened 24,430 subjects in Bangkok and identified 40 AHI individuals. Thirty Thais were enrolled (8 Fiebig I, 5 Fiebig II, 15 Fiebig III, 2 Fiebig IV) of whom 15 completed 24 weeks of megaHAART (tenofovir/emtricitabine/efavirenz/raltegravir/maraviroc). Sigmoid biopsies were completed in 24/30 at baseline and 13/15 at week 24.At baseline, the median age was 29 years and 83% were MSM. Most were symptomatic (87%), and were infected with R5-tropic (77%) CRF01_AE (70%). Median CD4 was 406 cells/mm3. HIV RNA was 5.5 log10 copies/ml. Median total blood HIV DNA was higher in Fiebig III (550 copy/106 PBMC) vs. Fiebig I (8 copy/106 PBMC) (p = 0.01) while the median %CD4+CCR5+ gut T cells was lower in Fiebig III (19%) vs. Fiebig I (59%) (p = 0.0008).After 24 weeks of megaHAART, HIV RNA levels of <50 copies were achieved in 14/15 in blood and 13/13 in gut. Total blood HIV DNA at week 0 predicted reservoir size at week 24 (p<0.001). Total HIV DNA declined significantly and was undetectable in 3 of 15 in blood and 3 of 7 in gut. Frequency of CD4+CCR5+ gut T cells increased from 41% at baseline to 64% at week 24 (p>0.050); subjects with less than 40% at baseline had a significant increase in CD4+CCR5+ T cells from baseline to week 24 (14% vs. 71%, p = 0.02).Conclusions
Gut T cell depletion and HIV reservoir seeding increases with progression of AHI. MegaHAART was associated with immune restoration and reduced reservoir size. Our findings could inform research on strategies to achieve HIV drug-free remission. 相似文献5.
Exposure of neurons to H(2)O(2) results in both necrosis and apoptosis. Caspases play a pivotal role in apoptosis, but exactly how they are involved in H(2)O(2)-mediated cell death is unknown. We examined H(2)O(2)-induced toxicity in neuronal PC12 cells and the effects of inducible overexpression of the H(2)O(2)-scavenging enzyme catalase on this process. H(2)O(2) caused cell death in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Cell death induced by H(2)O(2) was found to be mediated in part through an apoptotic pathway as H(2)O(2)-treated cells exhibited cell shrinkage, nuclear condensation and marked DNA fragmentation. H(2)O(2) also triggered activation of caspase 3. Genetic up-regulation of catalase not only significantly reduced cell death but also suppressed caspase 3 activity and DNA fragmentation. While the caspase 3 inhibitor DEVD inhibited both caspase 3 activity and DNA fragmentation induced by H(2)O(2) it did not prevent cell death. Treatment with the general caspase inhibitor ZVAD, however, resulted in complete attenuation of H(2)O(2)-mediated cellular toxicity. These results suggest that DNA fragmentation induced by H(2)O(2) is attributable to caspase 3 activation and that H(2)O(2) may be critical for signaling leading to apoptosis. However, unlike inducibly increased catalase expression and general caspase inhibition both of which protect cells from cytotoxicity, caspase 3 inhibition alone did not improve cell survival suggesting that prevention of DNA fragmentation is insufficient to prevent H(2)O(2)-mediated cell death. 相似文献
6.
Genetic or pharmacological iron chelation prevents MPTP-induced neurotoxicity in vivo: a novel therapy for Parkinson's disease 总被引:25,自引:0,他引:25
Kaur D Yantiri F Rajagopalan S Kumar J Mo JQ Boonplueang R Viswanath V Jacobs R Yang L Beal MF DiMonte D Volitaskis I Ellerby L Cherny RA Bush AI Andersen JK 《Neuron》2003,37(6):899-909
Studies on postmortem brains from Parkinson's patients reveal elevated iron in the substantia nigra (SN). Selective cell death in this brain region is associated with oxidative stress, which may be exacerbated by the presence of excess iron. Whether iron plays a causative role in cell death, however, is controversial. Here, we explore the effects of iron chelation via either transgenic expression of the iron binding protein ferritin or oral administration of the bioavailable metal chelator clioquinol (CQ) on susceptibility to the Parkinson's-inducing agent 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrapyridine (MPTP). Reduction in reactive iron by either genetic or pharmacological means was found to be well tolerated in animals in our studies and to result in protection against the toxin, suggesting that iron chelation may be an effective therapy for prevention and treatment of the disease. 相似文献
7.
Nickolai Titov Blake F. Dear Luke Johnston Carolyn Lorian Judy Zou Bethany Wootton Jay Spence Peter M. McEvoy Ronald M. Rapee 《PloS one》2013,8(7)
Background
Depression and anxiety are common, disabling and chronic. Self-guided internet-delivered treatments are popular, but few people complete them. New strategies are required to realise their potential.Aims
To evaluate the effect of automated emails on the effectiveness, safety, and acceptability of a new automated transdiagnostic self-guided internet-delivered treatment, the Wellbeing Course, for people with depression and anxiety.Method
A randomised controlled trial was conducted through the website: www.ecentreclinic.org. Two hundred and fifty seven people with elevated symptoms were randomly allocated to the 8 week course either with or without automated emails, or to a waitlist control group. Primary outcome measures were the Patient Health Questionnaire 9-Item (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item (GAD-7).Results
Participants in the treatment groups had lower PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores at post-treatment than controls. Automated emails increased rates of course completion (58% vs. 35%), and improved outcomes in a subsample with elevated symptoms.Conclusions
The new self-guided course was beneficial, and automated emails facilitated outcomes. Further attention to strategies that facilitate adherence, learning, and safety will help realise the potential of self-guided interventions.Trial Registration
Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12610001058066 相似文献8.
Mathurot Duangchanchot Rapee Inpunkaew Pravate Thongsiri Nobuhito Hayashimoto Nobuhiro Gemma Masaru Nikaido Masayoshi Takahashi Kanchana Kengkoom 《Experimental Animals》2014,63(2):169-173
Prevalence of Helicobacter is mostly unknown in laboratory animals in
Thailand. The 221 mice feces/cecum from 8 universities, 2 pharmaceutical companies and 3
research institutions in Thailand were surveyed for the prevalence and distribution of
Helicobacter species by using the Electrochemical DNA chip.
Helicobacter were detected 23/46 samples in Specific Pathogen Free
(SPF) and 168/175 in conventional condition. Prevalence of Helicobacter
were 98%, 96%, 92% and 78% in South (n=40), Northeast (n=40), North (n=25) and Central
area (n=116), respectively. Only Central area holds SPF facility resulting in
Helicobacter prevalence that seems to be lower than other areas. Three
species of Helicobacter were detected in feces/cecum samples by sequence
analysis: H. rodentium (67.0%, 148 samples),
Helicobacter sp. MIT 01-6451 (15.4%, 34 samples), and unidentified
Helicobacter species (14.1%, 9 samples). The results suggested that
H. rodentium is the most common species of
Helicobacter in laboratory mice in Thailand. 相似文献
9.
Katherine S. Button Daphne Kounali Lexine Stapinski Ronald M. Rapee Glyn Lewis Marcus R. Munafò 《PloS one》2015,10(4)
Background
Fear of negative evaluation (FNE) defines social anxiety yet the process of inferring social evaluation, and its potential role in maintaining social anxiety, is poorly understood. We developed an instrumental learning task to model social evaluation learning, predicting that FNE would specifically bias learning about the self but not others.Methods
During six test blocks (3 self-referential, 3 other-referential), participants (n = 100) met six personas and selected a word from a positive/negative pair to finish their social evaluation sentences “I think [you are / George is]…”. Feedback contingencies corresponded to 3 rules, liked, neutral and disliked, with P[positive word correct] = 0.8, 0.5 and 0.2, respectively.Results
As FNE increased participants selected fewer positive words (β = −0.4, 95% CI −0.7, −0.2, p = 0.001), which was strongest in the self-referential condition (FNE × condition 0.28, 95% CI 0.01, 0.54, p = 0.04), and the neutral and dislike rules (FNE × condition × rule, p = 0.07). At low FNE the proportion of positive words selected for self-neutral and self-disliked greatly exceeded the feedback contingency, indicating poor learning, which improved as FNE increased.Conclusions
FNE is associated with differences in processing social-evaluative information specifically about the self. At low FNE this manifests as insensitivity to learning negative self-referential evaluation. High FNE individuals are equally sensitive to learning positive or negative evaluation, which although objectively more accurate, may have detrimental effects on mental health. 相似文献10.
Glutathione decreases in dopaminergic PC12 cells interferewith the ubiquitin protein degradation pathway: relevance for Parkinson's disease? 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the presence of proteinaceous neuronal inclusions called Lewy bodies in susceptible dopaminergic midbrain neurons. Inhibition of the ubiquitin-proteasome protein degradation pathway may contribute to protein build-up and subsequent cell death. Ubiquitin is normally activated for transfer to substrate proteins by interaction with the E1 ubiquitin ligase enzyme via a thiol ester bond. Parkinson's disease is also characterized by decreases in midbrain levels of total glutathione which could impact on E1 enzyme activity via oxidation of the active site sulfhydryl. We have demonstrated that increasing reductions in total glutathione in dopaminergic PC12 cells results in corresponding decreases in ubiquitin-protein conjugate levels suggesting that ubiquitination of proteins is inhibited in a glutathione-dependent fashion. Decreased ubiquitinated protein levels appears to be due to inhibition of E1 activity as demonstrated by reductions in endogenous E1-ubiquitin conjugate levels as well as decreases in the production of de novo E1-ubiquitin conjugates when glutathione is depleted. This is a reversible process as E1 activity increases upon glutathione restoration. Our data suggests that decreases in cellular glutathione in dopaminergic cells results in decreased E1 activity and subsequent disruption of the ubiquitin pathway. This may have implications for neuronal degeneration in PD. 相似文献