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Integral membrane proteins constitute a major constituent of lipid bilayer both in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The statistical
analysis was carried out to determine the bias in amino acid distribution between prokaryotic and eukaryotic integral membrane
proteins (pIntMPs and eIntMPs). Our results indicate that both pIntMPs and eIntMPs demonstrate the striking similarity in
amino acid distribution in their transmembrane and extramembranous region. pIntMPs have relatively greater functional importance
for Gly and Asn in comparison to eIntMPs. 相似文献
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Bainbridge J Madden L Essex D Binks M Malhotra R Paleolog EM 《Arthritis research & therapy》2007,9(6):R127
The enzyme methionine aminopeptidase-2 (MetAP-2) is thought to play an important function in human endothelial cell proliferation,
and as such provides a valuable target in both inflammation and cancer. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory
disease associated with increased synovial vascularity, and hence is a potential therapeutic target for angiogenesis inhibitors.
We examined the use of PPI-2458, a selective non-reversible inhibitor of MetAP-2, in disease models of RA, namely acute and
chronic collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice. Whilst acute CIA is a monophasic disease, CIA induced with murine collagen
type II manifests as a chronic relapsing arthritis and mimics more closely the disease course of RA. Our study showed PPI-2458
was able to reduce clinical signs of arthritis in both acute and chronic CIA models. This reduction in arthritis was paralleled
by decreased joint inflammation and destruction. Detailed mechanism of action studies demonstrated that PPI-2458 inhibited
human endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis in vitro, without affecting production of inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, we also investigated release of inflammatory cytokines
and chemokines from human RA synovial cell cultures, and observed no effect of PPI-2458 on spontaneous expression of cytokines
and chemokines, or indeed on the angiogenic molecule vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). These results highlight MetAP-2
as a good candidate for therapeutic intervention in RA. 相似文献
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Vaish Swati Parveen Reshma Rajneesh Singh Nootan Gupta Divya Basantani Mahesh Kumar 《Journal of plant research》2022,135(6):823-852
Journal of Plant Research - Plant glutathione S-transferases are an ancient protein superfamily having antioxidant activity. These proteins are primarily involved in diverse plant functions such as... 相似文献
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Inflammatory cytokine TNFα enhances permeability of brain capillaries constituting blood brain barrier (BBB). In the monoculture endothelial models of BBB TNFα alters tight junction (TJ) structure and protein content. Claudin-5 (Cldn5) is a key TJ protein whose expression in the brain endothelial cells is critical to the function of BBB. TNFα reduces Cldn5 promoter activity and mRNA expression in mouse brain derived endothelial cells but the regulatory elements and signaling mechanism involved are not defined. Here we report that TNFα acts through NFκB signaling and requires a conserved promoter region for the down-regulation of Cldn5 expression. Overexpression of the NFκB subunit p65 (RelA) alone repressed Cldn5 promoter activity in mouse brain endothelial cells. We observed partial loss of Cldn5 protein expression after prolonged TNFα treatment in primary endothelial culture isolated from C56BL/6 mice brain. Taken together, our results confirm and extend previous observations of TNFα induced down-regulation of Cldn5 expression in mouse brain endothelial cells. 相似文献
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Jitender Kumar Muneender Kumar Rajneesh Sirohi Brijesh Yadav A. Vidyasagar Reddy 《Biological Rhythm Research》2018,49(1):29-38
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of summer and winter seasons on antioxidant status, body reserve mobilization and biomarkers of stress in Hariana and Sahiwal cows. Twelve lactating cows (six of each Hariana and Sahiwal cows) were included in summer (May to July) and winter season (November to January) study. Microclimatic observations were recorded on daily basis during the experimental period. In both seasons, blood samples were collected at fortnightly intervals for analysis of total antioxidant activity, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-Hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), heat shock protein 70 and 90 (HSP70 and HSP90). Antioxidant activity reduced significantly (p < 0.05) in Hariana cattle during summers as compared to winters; whereas, seasonal variation exerts no effect on antioxidant activity in Sahiwal. Blood NEFA concentration was similar among both the breeds over both the seasons but reduced significantly (p < 0.05) during summer season as compared to winters in both the breeds. BHBA concentration was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in Hariana cows than Sahiwal cows during winters, however, no effect on BHBA level was observed during summer season in both the breeds. Significantly, lower plasma cortisol level (p < 0.05) was found during winter season in Sahiwal as well as Hariana cows. Further, Sahiwal exhibited lower plasma cortisol as compared to Hariana in both the seasons. HSP 70 and 90 showed non-significant differences between breeds within both the seasons. However, significantly, lower plasma HSP 70 levels (p < 0.05) were reported during winter season in Sahiwal as well as in Hariana cows. Results of present study revealed that indigenous Sahiwal is more heat tolerant as compared to Hariana breed. 相似文献