全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1403篇 |
免费 | 145篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 10篇 |
2022年 | 20篇 |
2021年 | 40篇 |
2020年 | 31篇 |
2019年 | 28篇 |
2018年 | 38篇 |
2017年 | 38篇 |
2016年 | 49篇 |
2015年 | 74篇 |
2014年 | 83篇 |
2013年 | 83篇 |
2012年 | 129篇 |
2011年 | 117篇 |
2010年 | 63篇 |
2009年 | 56篇 |
2008年 | 79篇 |
2007年 | 89篇 |
2006年 | 76篇 |
2005年 | 61篇 |
2004年 | 51篇 |
2003年 | 47篇 |
2002年 | 48篇 |
2001年 | 13篇 |
2000年 | 11篇 |
1999年 | 16篇 |
1998年 | 14篇 |
1997年 | 12篇 |
1996年 | 7篇 |
1995年 | 10篇 |
1994年 | 6篇 |
1993年 | 6篇 |
1991年 | 5篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 4篇 |
1988年 | 5篇 |
1987年 | 7篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 10篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1979年 | 5篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1975年 | 9篇 |
1974年 | 5篇 |
1968年 | 4篇 |
1967年 | 5篇 |
1966年 | 3篇 |
1964年 | 3篇 |
1962年 | 3篇 |
1937年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有1549条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Rachael V. Gallagher Lesley Hughes Michelle R. Leishman Peter D. Wilson 《Biological invasions》2010,12(12):4049-4063
Potential interactions between climate change and exotic plant invasions may affect areas of high conservation value, such
as land set aside for the protection of endangered species or ecological communities. We investigated this issue in eastern
Australia using species distribution models for five exotic vines under climate regimes for 2020 and 2050. We examined how
projected changes in the distribution of climatically suitable habitat may coincide with the remaining remnants of an endangered
ecological community—littoral rainforests—in this region. The number of known infestations of each weed in tropical, subtropical
and temperate areas was used to assess the likelihood of further expansion into areas projected to provide suitable habitat
under future conditions. Littoral rainforest reserves were consistently predicted to provide bioclimatically suitable habitat
for the five vines examined under both current and future climate scenarios. We explore the consequences and potential strategies
for managing exotic plant invasions in these protected areas in the coming decades. 相似文献
2.
Growth and Assimilation in Cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
3.
4.
Angus Davison †§ Johnny D. S. Birks † Rachael C. Brookes † John E. Messenger† Huw I. Griffiths‡ 《Molecular ecology》2001,10(10):2479-2488
The flora and fauna of Europe are linked by a common biogeographic history, most recently the Pleistocene glaciations that restricted the range of most species to southern refugial populations. Changes in population size and migration, as well as selection, have all left a signature on the genetic differentiation. Thus, three paradigms of postglacial recolonization have been described, inferred from the patterns of DNA differentiation. Yet some species, especially wide-ranging carnivores, exhibit little population structuring between the proposed refugia, although relatively few have been studied due to the difficulty of obtaining samples. Therefore, we investigated mitochondrial variation in pine martens, Martes martes, in order to understand the extent to which they were affected by glacial cycles, and compared the results with an analysis of sequences from polecats, Mustela putorius. A general lack of ancient lineages, and a mismatch distribution that is consistent with an expanding population, is evidence that the present-day M. martes and Mu. putorius in central and northern Europe colonized from a single European refugium following a recent glaciation. There has also been interspecific mitochondrial introgression between M. martes and the sable M. zibellina in Fennoscandia. 相似文献
5.
M N Gould H Watanabe K Kamiya K H Clifton 《International journal of radiation biology and related studies in physics, chemistry, and medicine》1987,51(6):1081-1090
Carcinogenesis is a multistage process consisting minimally of initiation and promotion/progression stages. Radiation and many environmental xenobiotics are potent initiating agents. We have shown that initiation of carcinogenesis in vivo by these agents is a common cellular event. In the irradiated thyroid (5 Gy) at least one in 20 cells is initiated. Initiation by both radiation and chemicals has also been shown to be a common cellular event in the mammary gland. Initiation therefore is most likely not the sole rate-limiting event in the carcinogenic process. The propensity of the initiated cell to express the malignant phenotype is modulated by many factors, including environmental chemicals and physiological and genetic factors. Scopal and abscopal physiological factors can either enhance or suppress the progression of initiated cells to a frank tumour. For example, prolactin enhances the rate of progression of radiation and chemically initiated mammary tumours while glucocorticoids suppress this progression. TSH enhances the progression of radiation-initiated thyroid tumours while a scopal factor associated with unirradiated thyroid cells suppresses progression of this tumour type. 相似文献
6.
To determine whether a sex difference exists in the biosynthetic capacity of vasopressingergic (AVP) neurons in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), we have used in situ hybridization and quantitative autoradiography to measure propressophysin messenger RNA levels in these cells from adult male and female rats. We have found that significantly more (p less than 0.01) neurons are labeled in male rats than in female rats and that these labeled cells averaged more grains/cell (p less than 0.05) in males than in females. Therefore, the sexual dimorphism of AVP pathways in the BNST and lateral septum recently shown by immunohistochemistry results from a sex difference in the biosynthetic capacity of these AVP neurons. 相似文献
7.
High density lipoproteins (HDL) from 14 patients with obstructive jaundice were examined by gradient gel electrophoresis to determine the effect of obstruction on particle size distribution. HDL from 7 of these patients were fractionated by gel permeation chromatography and further characterized by electron microscopy, SDS gel electrophoresis, apolipoprotein A-I and apolipoprotein A-II immunoturbidimetry, and analysis of chemical composition. In addition, lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity was measured and correlated with plasma apolipoprotein A-I concentration and particle size distribution. HDL were abnormal in all patients regardless of severity, cause, or duration of obstruction. The major HDL subfraction in normal subjects, HDL3a (radius 4.1-4.3 nm) was either absent or considerably diminished, and HDL2b (radius 5.3 nm) was also frequently absent. Very small particles comparable in size to normal HDL3c (radius 3.8 nm) were prominent. In patients with a bilirubin concentration greater than 250 mumol/l, normal HDL had totally disappeared and were replaced by large discoidal particles of radius 8.5 nm and small spherical particles of radius 3.6-3.7 nm. Both populations of particles were markedly depleted of cholesteryl ester and enriched in free cholesterol and phospholipid. The discoidal particles were rich in apolipoproteins E, A-I, A-II, and C, while the small spherical particles contained predominantly apolipoprotein A-I. LCAT activity was diminished in all subjects to 8-54% of normal, and was strongly positively correlated (r = 0.91 P less than 0.05) with plasma apolipoprotein A-I levels. 相似文献
8.
Radiogenic initiation of thyroid cancer: a common cellular event 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
R T Mulcahy M N Gould K H Clifton 《International journal of radiation biology and related studies in physics, chemistry, and medicine》1984,45(5):419-426
A transplantation system for clonogenic cells in rat thyroid was used, which allows quantitative evaluation of both the acute cytotoxicity and the late neoplastic effects of ionizing radiation at the cellular level in vivo. We have obtained direct experimental evidence that radiogenic initiation of neoplasia in vivo is a common cellular event, and that cell number influences the expression of initiation. Ten per cent of those graft sites which had received 26 clonogens surviving 5 Gy developed carcinomas, while 4 per cent of those which received 26 unirradiated clonogens developed carcinomas. By comparison, 26 per cent of the sites that were inoculated with 411 surviving irradiated clonogens developed carcinomas while none of the 38 transplant sites that received 411 unirradiated clonogens developed carcinomas. Total tumour incidence (carcinomas plus adenomas) followed the same pattern. 相似文献
9.
Robert E. Lemon Charles W. Dobson Peter G. Clifton 《Ethology : formerly Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie》1993,93(3):198-210
In order to determine the rules of sequencing of songs used by American redstarts, we related Markovian and hierarchical models to recordings obtained from free-living males. In the smaller repertoires of three or four songs, low order Markov chain models fitted the data. 9 of the 10 sequences so examined were first-order, and the last was second-order. Larger repertoires of 6 and 8 songs were hierarchical in organization with subsets of songs having independent sequencing rules. Most samples of singing were stationary in their transition rules over periods of several days: non-stationarity was sometimes associated with a change in the number of songs forming the sequence, or in repetitions of songs. We examine causal models of song sequencing and conclude that our results generally favor competition models, although some sequential dependencies may also apply. Hierarchical organization in the serial repertoires of American redstarts may reflect developmental influences rather than effects of repertoire size itself. 相似文献
10.
Samples of suspended particulate matter (SPM) collected from the Humber Estuary had higher concentrations of particulate metals
than SPM from Holderness coastal waters (U.K.). Characterised SPM from both sources was used in laboratory experiments involving
the uptake of radiotracer109Cd,137Cs,54Mn and65Zn. Kinetic experiments, over five days, showed that the rate and extent of uptake was highly dependent on particle type,
with109Cd,54Mn and65Zn being more reactive with Humber Estuary particles than those from Holderness and137Cs having the opposite trend. Adsorption experiments were also carried out on suspensions in which SPM from the Humber Estuary
and Holderness coastal water were mixed in various proportions. These experiments revealed that Kd for65Zn increased linearly with the proportion of Humber SPM, Kd for137Cs decreased linearly with increase in Humber SPM and Kd for54Mn and109Cd displayed non-linear behaviour. The results of the study were used to develop an algorithm for predicting the partition
coefficients in the Humber Plume based on the extent of particle mixing from the two source regions. The use of206/207Pb ratios in determining the extent of particle mixing is discussed, along with the application of the algorithm to the modelling
of particulate trace metal behaviour in the Humber-Wash coastal zone. 相似文献