桃小食心虫生物学的研究——果实对幼虫蛀果、成活、生长发育及滞育的影响

桃小食心虫(Carposina niponensis Wals)是我国苹果、梨上的重要害虫,初孵幼虫在果面爬行片刻,即蛀入果内。幼虫能否入果,除受捕食性天敌和风雨等外界条件影响之外,与果实表皮组织有关系,蛀入果内幼虫的成活数量和生长情况亦受果肉组织及果实内含物的直接影响。因此,研究食料条件与桃小食心虫发生数量的关系,对提高该虫现有     

中国的散白蚁属及新亚属新种

散白蚁(Reticulitermes)的名称,来源于浙江东阳一部分以防治白蚁为专业的农民,他们根据实践经验,积累了丰富的生态和防治知识,知道这类白蚁,缺乏大型巢窟,常集较小群体,散居于有树根和腐木的地下,一般危害房屋下部。在全世界来说,广布于温带及亚热带地区。本文对我国散白蚁属进行了系统的整理,把本属分设两个新亚属:额白蚁亚属(Frontotermes)和平额白蚁亚属(Planifrontotermes),前者分布偏于南方,后者偏于北方。记载4个新种,并分别订正长期存在着争论的4个老种。 散白蚁属与其近缘属——异白蚁属[Heterotermes Froggatt,1896(=Leucotermes Silvestri,1901)]极相似,但散白蚁属成虫有单眼,翅面脉网较显著,毛被稀少,兵蚁上唇舌形,有时尖锐,分布偏于北方。而异白蚁属成虫一般缺单眼,翅面脉网微弱,毛被较密而显著,兵蚁上唇尖锐,分布偏于热带,两者可以区别。     

斜纹夜蛾核多角体病毒病的研究

本文报道斜纹夜蛾核多角体病毒病的实验室和田间试验结果。 多角体形状不规则,直径平均1.9微米。病毒粒子杆状,单个或成束存在。单个粒子大小为335×90毫微米,病毒束的直径140毫微米。生物测定结果表明,幼虫死亡率依多角体浓度和虫龄而变化,在25℃条件下,3龄幼虫的致死中浓度为1×10^5.3多角体/毫升。龄期相同时,幼虫死亡速度依多角体浓度和环境温度而变化。多角体喷洒到植物叶面后,数日内可以损失大部分感染力,损失的速度与阳光照射的时间长短以及多角体浓度有关。感染力的损失主要是由于紫外光的灭菌作用。病毒与苏云金杆菌同时感染没有增效作用。斜纹夜蛾核多角体病毒对小地老虎、黄地老虎、粘虫和家蚕无感染力。田间初步试验表明,应用病毒防治斜纹夜蛾是可能的。     

Arabidopsis ROP‐interactive CRIB motif‐containing protein 1 (RIC1) positively regulates auxin signalling and negatively regulates abscisic acid (ABA) signalling during root development

Auxin and abscisic acid (ABA) modulate numerous aspects of plant development together, mostly in opposite directions, suggesting that extensive crosstalk occurs between the signalling pathways of the two hormones. However, little is known about the nature of this crosstalk. We demonstrate that ROP‐interactive CRIB motif‐containing protein 1 (RIC1) is involved in the interaction between auxin‐ and ABA‐regulated root growth and lateral root formation. RIC1 expression is highly induced by both hormones, and expressed in the roots of young seedlings. Whereas auxin‐responsive gene induction and the effect of auxin on root growth and lateral root formation were suppressed in the ric1 knockout, ABA‐responsive gene induction and the effect of ABA on seed germination, root growth and lateral root formation were potentiated. Thus, RIC1 positively regulates auxin responses, but negatively regulates ABA responses. Together, our results suggest that RIC1 is a component of the intricate signalling network that underlies auxin and ABA crosstalk.     

双歧杆菌预防早产儿坏死性小肠结肠炎的疗效观察

目的 探讨双歧杆菌预防早产儿坏死性小肠结肠炎(NEC)的疗效.方法 随机分成试验组和对照组,对照组给予常规治疗,试验组在对照组基础上给予双歧杆菌治疗.观察两组不同胎龄和不同出生体重早产儿NEC患病率、治疗前后肠道各菌群变化的差异.结果 (1)试验组NEC总发生率显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);(2)试验组出生体重＜1500g早产儿NEC发生率显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);(3)治疗后试验组细菌总数、球菌总数及杆菌总数上升幅度显著大于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01);治疗后试验组杆球菌比值较对照组显著下降,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 双歧杆菌可有效预防早产儿坏死性小肠结肠炎.     

通过同源重组在聚球藻7002中表达小鼠金属硫蛋白-Ⅰ的初步研究

用PCR方法从海洋单细胞蓝藻聚球藻7002（Synecohococcus sp.PCC7002)基因组DNA中扩增得到藻蓝蛋白β亚基基因（cpcβ)的上游序列（Pcpcβ),及编码谷氨酰胺合成酶的glnA基因片段,以Pcpcβ作为启动子,以glnA基因片段作为整合平台,构建含有小鼠金属硫蛋白-Ⅰ（mMT-Ⅰ)cDNA的同源整合表达载体pKGC-MT,通过自然转化法将整合表达载体导入聚球藻7002中,经氨苄青霉素筛选,得到遗传性状稳定的转基因藻,PCR检测证明mTM-Ⅰ基因已整合到蓝藻基因组DNA上;蛋白质印迹表明mMT-Ⅰ已在蓝藻中表达;ELISA结果显示mMT-Ⅰ在蓝藻中的表达量约为800μg/g。     

microRNA靶基因预测算法研究概况及发展趋势

microRNA（miRNA）是一类约22个核苷酸（nt）长的非编码小分子RNA,广泛存在于动植物细胞中,通过和靶基因的不精确互补配对而裂解mRNA或抑制翻译的起始。准确地预测miRNA靶基因和正确地认识miRNA及其靶基因的作用机理已成为当前研究的热点。作者试图对目前常用的10余个高等生物miRNA靶基因预测软件的实现原理、适用对象及各算法的创新之处等加以综述,以便为进行靶基因预测算法设计人员提供参考,对生物学实验验证提供更好的理论指导。     

Hypomania: a transcultural perspective

This study examined the transcultural robustness of a screening instrument for hypomania, the Hypomania Checklist-32, first revised version (HCL-32 R1). It was carried out in 2606 patients from twelve countries in five geographic regions (Northern, Southern and Eastern Europe, South America and East Asia). In addition, GAMIAN Europe contributed data from its members. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to examine the transregional stability of the measurement properties of the HCL-32 R1, including the influence of sex and age as covariates. Across cultures, a two-factor structure was confirmed: the first factor (F1) reflected the more positive aspects of hypomania (being more active, elated, self-confident, and cogni-tively enhanced); the second factor (F2) reflected the more negative aspects (being irritable, impulsive, careless, more substance use). The measurement properties of the HCL-32 R1 were largely invariant across cultures. Only few items showed transcultural differences in their relation to hypomania as measured by the test. F2 was higher among men and in more severe manic syndromes; F1 was highest in North and East Europe and lowest in South America. The scores decreased slightly with age. The frequency of the 32 items showed remarkable similarities across geographic areas, with two excep-tions: South Europeans had lower symptom frequencies in general and East Europeans higher rates of substance use. These findings support the interna-tional applicability of the HCL-32 R1 as a screening instrument for hypomania.     

Fine Structural Analysis of the Central Nervous System in the Spider, Achaearanea tepidariorum (Theridiidae: Araneae)

ABSTRACT Central nervous system (CNS) of arachnids is still mysterious and has a rich unexplored field compare to what is known in insects or crustaceans. The CNS of the spider, Achaearanea tepidariorum, consists of a dorsal brain or supraesophageal ganglion and circumesophageal connectives joining it to the subesophageal mass. As the segmentation of the arachnid brain is still under discussion, we classify the brain as a protocerebral and tritocerebral ganglion depending on the evidences which generally accepted. The subesophageal nerve mass underneath the brain is the foremost part of the ventral nerve cord. All of this nerve mass is totally fused together, and forming subesophageal ganglia in this spider. In the brain, the nerve cells are packed in the frontal, dorsal and lateral areas, but are not absent from the posterior and ventral regions. In addition, the nerve cells of the subesophageal and abdominal ganglia are only restricted to the ventral and ventolateral regions. The CNS of the spider, Achaearanea tepidariorum is similar in feature to the Family Araneidae.     

濒危植物秦岭冷杉群落数量特征及其动态

对石人山自然保护区秦岭冷杉群落特征和动态进行了研究,结果表明:秦岭冷杉群落共有种子植物61种,分属27科40属,群落垂直结构简单,可分为乔木层、灌木层和草本层。秦岭冷杉和华山松种群大、中胸径的个体占绝对优势,幼苗、幼树较少,属于衰退种群;湖北花楸小、中胸径的个体占优势,属于进展种群。通过聚类分析,将秦岭冷杉群落分为5个群丛类型:①秦岭冷杉 湖北花楸-山刺玫-结缕草群丛;②秦岭冷杉 华山松-秀雅杜鹃-藜芦群丛;③秦岭冷杉 血皮槭-黄刺玫-野菊群丛;④秦岭冷杉 华山松-箭竹-牛蒡群丛;⑤秦岭冷杉 锐齿栎-箭竹-水芹群丛。5个群丛类型均处于动态变化中,种群恢复应实行就地保护,减少人为干扰,促进天然更新。