赣南地区农业生态经济系统耦合态势的时空演变

赣南地区地处南方丘陵山地区域,是重要的生态功能区,其农业经济发展与生态功能保护的关系备受关注。促进农业生态经济系统的耦合协调发展,是赣南地区可持续发展的重要内容。利用2000-2015年赣州市各县（市）统计年鉴数据及遥感数据,构建了基于耦合协调度模型的区域农业生态经济系统的评价指标体系,开展时间和空间尺度上的农业生态经济系统的耦合协调发展研究。结果表明：（1）在时间尺度上,农业生态系统变化不大,在空间尺度上县（市）之间因自然条件的不同略有差异;农业经济综合评价值在2000-2015年之间有较大的增长,且不同县（市）间存在差异,农业经济系统的相对滞后是限制农业生态经济系统不能协同发展的原因。（2）耦合度和耦合协调度随时间而增长,大部分县（市）的耦合度经历了从中度耦合、高度耦合、再到极度耦合的过程,其中极度耦合的占比从2000年的0%提升到2015年的94%;耦合协调度从基本、中度协调耦合到中度、高度协调耦合,且都呈现以赣县、于都县、兴国县为主的中部较低,而南北部较高的态势。（3）2010年前,大部分县（市）的农业生态经济系统发展类型长期处于农业经济极度滞后状态,随后逐步向农业经济严重滞后过渡。农业生态经济系统耦合态势的分析有助于明晰当地的农业生态经济系统的发展、演变规律,促进农业系统的协调发展。     

Genome-Wide Bisulphite Sequencing Uncovered the Contribution of DNA Methylation to Rice Short-Term Drought Memory Formation

Rice is the important crop for more than half of the world population. However, drought can have a devastating impact on rice growth and reduce yield drastically. Understanding the response of rice to drought stress is especially important for crop breeding. Previously we found that rice enhanced its tolerance to drought stresses via stress memory mechanisms. Numerous memory genes were identified to play important roles in the process. DNA methylation was reported to mediate tolerance via regulating gene expression and enhances the survival rate of rice encountering drought stress. However, how DNA methylation involved in stress memory is still not clear. In this study, genome-wide bisulphite sequencing at a single base resolution methylome profiling level was performed and analyzed in rice cultivar under recurrent drought stresses and recovery treatments. We found that rice drought stress memory-related differentially methylated regions (DMRs) showed dynamic and distinct patterns. The drought-memory DMRs may regulate Transposable elements and gene expression to cope with short-term repeated drought stresses. Our findings of drought-memory DMRs can explain mechanisms of rice drought stress memory in a new perspective on global methylome details. Using epigenetic markers to breed drought-resistant rice would become a feasible way in the future research.

     

Site-directed mutagenesis and computational study of the Y366 active site in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bacillus subtilis</Emphasis> protoporphyrinogen oxidase

Protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (PPO), the last common enzyme of heme and chlorophyll biosynthesis, catalyses the oxidation of protoporphyrinogen IX to protoporphyrin IX, with FAD as cofactor. Among PPO, Bacillus subtilis PPO (bsPPO) is unique because of its broad substrate specificity and resistance to inhibition by diphenylethers. Identification of the activity of bsPPO would help us to understand the catalysis and resistance mechanisms. Based on the modeling and docking studies, we found that Y366 site in bsPPO was adjacent to substrate and FAD. In order to evaluate the functional role of this site, three mutants Y366A Y366E and Y366H were cloned and kinetically characterized. The efficiency of catalysis for Y366A and Y366H reduced to 10% of the wild-type enzyme’s activity, while Y366E just retained 1%. Y366E shows large resistance (K _i = 153.94 μM) to acifluorfen. Molecular docking was carried out to understand the structure and functional relationship of PPO. The experimental results from the site-directed mutagenesis are consistent with the computational studies. The residue at position 366 is seemed to be responsible for substrate binding and catalysis and involved in herbicide resistance of bsPPO.     

赣南地区景观格局变化及其对生态系统服务价值的影响

赣南地区是我国南方丘陵山地带的重要组成部分,开展景观格局变化特征及其对生态系统服务能力的影响研究,对探索该区域生态系统服务能力提升途径具有重要的理论和现实意义。基于赣南地区2000、2010、2018年3期Landsat TM/ETM遥感影像及DEM数据,采用Fragstats 4.2软件,以生态系统服务当量因子表为基础,探讨2000-2018年期间赣南地区景观格局和生态系统服务价值变化,开展该区域景观格局指数与生态系统服务价值的相关性分析。结果表明：（1）2000-2018年期间,赣南地区受人为干扰比较大,景观破碎化程度增加,景观异质性增高,类型复杂程度增强,斑块分离度增大,景观中优势斑块类型形成了比较良好的连接性;（2）生态系统服务价值由2560.97亿元/a减少到2523.54亿元/a,林地对生态系统服务价值减少的贡献率达到83.13%以上,生态系统服务类别中食物生产价值先增加后减少,其他类别价值均降低;（3）生态系统服务价值与蔓延度指数呈正相关、与香农多样性指数呈负相关。因此,快速城镇化背景下人为活动引起的景观格局变化使赣南地区生态系统服务能力降低,优化调整区域或县市区景观格局,将提升该区域的生态系统服务能力。     

植物Myb转录因子的研究进展

通过转录因子在转录水平上调控目的基因表达是植物对其生长发育及生理代谢调控的一种重要方式.Myb(v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog)转录因子是最大的植物转录因子家族成员之一,参与了细胞分化、细胞周期的调节,激素和环境因子应答,并对植物次生代谢以及叶片等器官形态建成具有重要的调节作用.最近的研究表明,Myb类转录因子参与了植物花色素形成过程的调控,对果皮、果肉,甚至叶片的着色都起到了重要作用.本文对Myb类转录因子的发现及其结构特征进行了详细综述,重点介绍了Myb转录因子在植物花色素苷合成代谢调节研究中的新发现,以期为Myb转录因子的研究和利用提供参考.