A model of thymocyte proliferation.

A steady-state model, based upon an analytical approach to the interpretation pf thymic radioautographic data is presented. In the model the process of cellular proliferation is represented by a feedback amplifier. It is shown by computer simulation that a model based on this conception, in which cellular flow through G₁ compartments is treated as a stochastic process and that through the S, G2 and M compartments by a sequential unidirectional process, is in reasonable agreement with the experimental data.     

immunocytochemical localization of urokinase-type plasminogen activator in lewis lung carcinoma

The invasively growing and metasizing Lewis lung carcinoma consistently contained urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) enzyme activity. When investigated immunocytochemically with antibodies against u-PA, different parts of individual tumors showed a pronounced heterogeneity in staining intensity. Strong staining was found in areas with invasive growth and degradation of surrounding normal tissue, while other areas were completely devoid of staining. Immunoreactivity occurred both with a perinuclear cytoplasmic localization in tumor cells and associated with apparently extracellular material. SDS PAGE of tumor extracts, under both reducing and nonreducing conditions, followed by immunoblotting, showed only one immunocytochemically stainable band with an electrophoretic mobility corresponding to that of purified proenzyme to u-PA, while no two-chain u-PA was detected. This indicates that the major part of the activator in Lewis lung carcinoma is present as one-chain pro-u-PA.     

A NOTE CONCERNING NON-UNIFORM POOL LABELING

An analytical relation is suggested, which in certain cases may permit the labeling pattern of a cellular compartment to be computed from the labeling pattern of cells in a precursor compartment.     

Scaling of energy metabolism in unicellular organisms: a re-analysis

The database used by Hemmingsen (1960) to compute energy metabolism in unicellular organisms was reassembled and submitted to linear (log-log) analysis. As Hemmingsen noted, this data set includes marine zygotes, which are not unicellular organisms. If no temperature correction factors are applied to the data the best-fit regression line has a slope of 0.698 +/- 0.024. Application of the temperature correction factors assumed to have been used by Hemmingsen gave a slope of 0.756 +/- 0.021, identical to the value he reported. The correlation coefficient is 0.97. The mean scatter about the regression line exceeds 100%. A revised set of temperature correction factors gave a slope of 0.730 +/- 0.021, suggesting that the value of almost exactly three-quarters obtained by Hemmingsen was probably fortuitous. The slope of the best-fit regression line is very sensitive to the inclusion of bacteria and flagellates. When the data points for these organisms are omitted from the calculation the slope decreases to 0.645 +/- 0.045. When the data points for bacteria, flagellates and marine zygotes are omitted, the slope drops to 0.608 +/- 0.025. The correlation coefficient (0.97), compared to the best-fit line reported by Hemmingsen, is unaffected; the mean deviation about the regression line drops to 40% and the points are evenly distributed about the regression line. Because of the small number of species for which measurements have been made, the existing database relating energy metabolism to cell size is not representative of unicellular organisms generally. It is concluded that the case for a three-quarters power rule expressing energy metabolism as a function of size in unicellular organisms generally is not at all persuasive.