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Summary A field experiment was conducted using15N-labelled urea on a Reddish Brown Lateritic (Peleustult) soil. Growing two crops on flat land and on soil ridges of 15 cm
height produced similar comparative effects from fertilizer on maize. However, fertilizer applied by broadcasting on maize
with a 50 cm effective band followed by incorporating was more useful to mungbean than that applied by banding below the cereal
seed rows when crops were grown on flat land. The reverse was observed when crops were grown on ridges. It was deduced that
the maize cultivar was not likely to affect comparative efficiencies of fertilizer.
For fertilizer application at sowing, broadcasting in 50 cm maize effective band followed by incorporating was slightly superior
to banding below maize seed rows. Side-dressing of fertilizer to maize at 4 weeks after sowing was superior to application
at sowing. Evenly-split application, at sowing and at 4 weeks after sowing, was either only slightly superior or comparable
to non-split application by banding below maize seed rows at sowing, depending on placement method of the first application.
Soil moisture status as a possible factor rendering discrepancy in the comparative efficiencies obtained by different authors
is discussed. 相似文献
2.
A series of eight experiments was conducted using large pots to (1) find the most effective date, site, concentration of K-solution
and K-salt for foliar K-fertilization of maize plants (Zea mays, L.) grown with sufficient K-supply in soil, (2) explain why maize responded to the K-treatment, and (3) examine the influence
of various levels of N and P supplies on the effectiveness of K-fertilizer via the leaves.
A single spraying on sweet maize and field maize on any day between 50% tasselling date to 10 days after tasselling shortened
maturity date, increased grain yield, stover yield, grain-stover ratio, absorption of N, P, K, Ca and Mg, sweetness of young
grain (of sweet maize), and crude protein content of grain. However spraying on the third day after 50% tasselling was most
effective. The second application later than 7 days after the 50% tasselling date suppressed the effects of spraying on the
most effective date. In application of many repetitive sprayings covering the most effective date, a spraying program with
late spraying could reduce grain yield. KNO3, 2.5% KNO3-solution, and applications on all aerial parts were found to be the most effective. Increases in grain yield for spraying
on all aerial parts, spraying on ear leaf only, spraying on all leaves above ear leaf and applying K to soil were 74%, 51%,
41% and 23%, respectively. The foliar K-fertilization affected maize by stimulating chlorophyll synthesis and not by increasing
leaf area. A balance in N and K supplies was determined to be effective for the K-fertilization. 相似文献
3.
An innovation is described for producing soy sauce koji mold spore inoculum by using inexpensive autoclavable plastic bags and reuseable plastic enclosures to make culture vessels. After growth, the spore mass could be dried and packaged in the same bag after removing the enclosure. Broken rice was used as the substrate for mold cultivation. Viable spore counts of 109 spores per g were obtained under optimal conditions. After drying at 50°C for 6 h, the moisture content of the spore mass decreased from 35.22 to 6.32% with no significant effect on spore viability. The dry spores could be stored in the refrigerator or at room temperature for at least 3 months. 相似文献
4.
Summary Two consecutive field experiments, using15N and32P, were conducted at the National Corn and Sorghum Research Center, Thailand, to quantify N2 fixed by mungbean, soybean and peanut and to examine effects of the legumes on the yields of succeeding maize and on status
of N and P in soils during the following season.
An early sorghum, non-nodulating soybean and maize which were used as standard crops in quantifying N2 fixed by mungbean, soybean, and peanut, respectively, gave statistically comparable A-values for soil N though sorghum tended
to give lower value than the other crops did.
Amounts of fixed N2 were 37.5, 119.0 and 150 kg/ha for mungbean, soybean and peanut, respectively. Plots previously grew legumes yielded higher
grain and stover weights and higher N and P uptake of maize than those previously grew maize. There were no significant differences
among plots previously grew different legumes. A-values, in most cases, did not differentiate the effects of previous legumes
from those of previous maize. However, changes in N and P status of soil, in most cases, were too small to produce A-values
changes that were large enough to outrun the experimental errors. 相似文献
5.
Taprab Y Ohkuma M Johjima T Maeda Y Moriya S Inoue T Suwanarit P Noparatnaraporn N Kudo T 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2002,66(5):1159-1163
Termitomyces-related symbiotic basidiomycetes in the nests of fungus-growing termites (Macrotermitinae) of several genera in Thailand were cultivated and analyzed phylogenetically based on the DNA sequence of nuclear ribosomal RNA genes. The relationships of the symbiotic fungi with host termites and their locality were apparently complex, supporting intricate mechanisms for the termites to acquire the symbionts. 相似文献
6.
S. Boonlue W. Surapat C. Pukahuta P. Suwanarit A. Suwanarit T. Morinaga 《Mycoscience》2012,53(1):10-16
No previous studies have been conducted on the diversity and population of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in relation
to organically grown chili (Capsicum frutescens L.) in Thailand. This study was carried out to investigate the diversity and status of AMF populations at four organically
managed farms in Ubon Ratchathani and Sisaket provinces. The effects of each AMF species on the growth and nutrient uptake
of chili grown in sterile, organically managed soil were determined. Fourteen AM fungal taxa belonging to the genera Acaulospora (4 spp.), Entrophospora (1 sp.), Glomus (7 spp.) and Scutellospora (2 spp.) were found. Among these, Glomus was the dominant genus found at all sites, followed by Acaulospora. The spore density and root colonization of AMF on chili did not vary significantly among the sites. The effects of ten selected
AMF species on the growth of chili showed that Gl.
clarum RA0305 increased the growth, flowering, and fruit production of chili, and also increased the P uptake significantly, compared
to non-mycorrhizal plants. This fungus showed the highest potential as a promoter of growth, flowering and yield in organically
managed chili production. 相似文献
7.
Chanita Boonmak Sasitorn Jindamorakot Hiroko Kawasaki Wichien Yongmanitchai Poonpilai Suwanarit Takashi Nakase & Savitree Limtong 《FEMS yeast research》2009,9(4):668-672
Three strains of a novel anamorphic yeast species were isolated from natural samples collected in Thailand, including strain EF10 isolated from sediment in a mangrove forest, strain ST-473 from rotten wood, and strain ST-479 from a wild mushroom ( Hygrophorus sp.). Analysis of the D1/D2 domains of the large-subunit rRNA gene sequence revealed that the sequence of strain EF10 differed from the other two strains (ST-473 and ST-479), which had identical sequences, by only one nucleotide (nt) substitution in 535 nt. The closest species in terms of pairwise sequence similarity was Saturnispora mendoncae , with 32 nt substitutions and seven gaps in 535 nt. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the three strains form a cluster with S. mendoncae and the other eight species in the Saturnispora clade. Phenotypic characteristics of the three strains were the same including proliferation by multilateral budding, absence of ascospores and negative diazonium blue B and urease reactions. The major ubiquinone was Q-7. On this basis, the three strains were assigned to a single novel species of the genus Candida , for which the name Candida siamensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is EF10T (=BCC 29901T =NBRC 104878T =CBS 11022T ). 相似文献
8.
Effects of long-term NP-fertilization on abundance and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under a maize cropping system 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Nidchaporn?Na?BhadalungEmail author Amnat?Suwanarit Bernard?Dell Omsub?Nopamornbodi Arinthip?Thamchaipenet Jarong?Rungchuang 《Plant and Soil》2005,270(1):371-382
Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in 27-year long-term NP-fertilization plots under a maize cropping system in Thailand was studied through spore morphological characterization. The plots received 0–0, 60–60, 120–120 and 180–180 kg N-P2O5 ha–1 year–1 as ammonium sulfate and triple superphosphate. The plots were sampled monthly for one year, the AMF spores were counted and morphotyped, and taxa were identified after morphotyping and monospecific pot culture. Spore number g–1 soil, relative spore abundance and Shannon-Wiener indexes were calculated. Sixteen putative taxa were recorded from the field of which nine sporulated on maize roots in pot culture. The long-term fertilization caused decreases in AMF total spore numbers and variation in species diversity depended on sampling time. Effects of fertilization on spore number and also relative spore abundance varied with species and sampling time. Among the nine species sporulating under maize, only Acaulospora sp.1 showed no change (P > 0.003 after Bonferroni correction) in spore number with fertilization in the field; and was therefore classified as an AMF species insensitive to fertilization. Spores of Entrophospora schenckii, Glomus mosseae, Glomus sp.1, Glomus geosporum-like and Scutellospora fulgida, though they decreased in absolute numbers in response to fertilization, showed no change (P > 0.003 after Bonferroni correction) in relative abundance; these species were classified as AMF species slightly sensitive to fertilization. Three unidentified species of Glomus, though they decreased in absolute numbers in response to fertilization, showed decreases (P < 0.003 after Bonferroni correction) in relative abundance; these species were classified as AMF species highly sensitive to fertilization. 相似文献
9.
Fermentation of ang-kak in plastic bags and regulation of pigmentation by initial moisture content 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
A method of producing ang-kak (Chinese red rice) in plastic bags by Monascus sp. NP1 was developed. Advantages of the procedure are described. Fermentation of rice of various moisture contents gave results that agreed with previous findings that ang-kak could be produced only at a relatively low initial moisture level. The mechanism by which the initial substrate moisture content regulated pigmentation was clarified. It was found that glucoamylase activity increased with increase in initial substrate moisture content. Therefore at high moisture content, as high enzyme activity was produced, glucose was rapidly liberated in amounts that inhibited pigmentation. The sugar was then transformed to ethanol. Addition of various amounts of glucose to rice of low moisture content before fermentation confirmed that the sugar at certain concentration had an inhibitory effect on pigmentation. 相似文献
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