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Jennifer Christoff Jodi-Lynn Galaydick Charulata Ramaprasad David Pitrak Kathleen M. Mullane 《Current fungal infection reports》2010,4(1):8-16
Due to the rising incidence of diabetes mellitus, the increasing populations of immunocompromised individuals of varied etiologies,
and the progresses that have been made in the management of the critically ill, the incidence of invasive fungal infections,
in particular those caused by the Mucorales, is increasing. Currently available diagnostics frequently miss this infection.
Knowledge of the factors placing individuals at risk for and the varied clinical presentations of mucormycosis should alert
clinicians of the possible presence of this infection. Survival of individuals with mucormycosis is dependant on prompt diagnosis
and aggressive therapy with antifungal agents; surgical debridement; and, if possible, reversal of the risk factors predisposing
the individual to this infection. It is hoped that improved diagnostic testing, improvements in pharmacotherapy, and adjunctive
therapies will improve the morbidity and mortality of mucormycosis. 相似文献
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Nadera J. Sweiss Rafah Salloum Seema Ghandi Maria-Luisa Alegre Ray Sawaqed Maria Badaracco Kenneth Pursell David Pitrak Robert P. Baughman David R. Moller Joe G. N. Garcia Timothy B. Niewold 《PloS one》2010,5(2)
Background
Sarcoidosis is a poorly understood chronic inflammatory condition. Infiltration of affected organs by lymphocytes is characteristic of sarcoidosis, however previous reports suggest that circulating lymphocyte counts are low in some patients with the disease. The goal of this study was to evaluate lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood in a cohort of sarcoidosis patients to determine the prevalence, severity, and clinical features associated with lymphopenia in major lymphocyte subsets.Methodology/Principal Findings
Lymphocyte subsets in 28 sarcoid patients were analyzed using flow cytometry to determine the percentage of CD4, CD8, and CD19 positive cells. Greater than 50% of patients had abnormally low CD4, CD8, or CD19 counts (p<4×10−10). Lymphopenia was profound in some cases, and five of the patients had absolute CD4 counts below 200. CD4, CD8, and CD19 lymphocyte subset counts were significantly correlated (Spearman''s rho 0.57, p = 0.0017), and 10 patients had low counts in all three subsets. Patients with severe organ system involvement including neurologic, cardiac, ocular, and advanced pulmonary disease had lower lymphocyte subset counts as a group than those patients with less severe manifestations (CD4 p = 0.0043, CD8 p = 0.026, CD19 p = 0.033). No significant relationships were observed between various medical therapies and lymphocyte counts, and lymphopenia was present in patients who were not receiving any medical therapy.Conclusions/Significance
Significant lymphopenia involving CD4, CD8, and CD19 positive cells was common in sarcoidosis patients and correlated with disease severity. Our findings suggest that lymphopenia relates more to disease pathology than medical treatment. 相似文献3.
Crown-gall-resistant transgenic apple trees that Silence Agrobacterium tumefaciens oncogenes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Viss Walter J. Pitrak Jennifer Humann Jodi Cook Mike Driver John Ream Walt 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2003,12(4):283-295
Crown gall disease is an economically significant problem in fruit and nut orchards, vineyards, and nurseries worldwide. Tumors on stems and leaves result from excessive production of the phytohormones auxin and cytokinin in plant cells genetically transformed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. High phytohormone levels result from expression of three oncogenes transferred stably into the plant genome from A. tumefaciens: iaaM, iaaH, and ipt. The iaaM and iaaH oncogenes direct auxin biosynthesis, and the ipt oncogene causes cytokinin production. In contrast to other tissues, roots do not respond to high cytokinin levels, and auxin overproduction is sufficient to cause tumor growth on roots. Inactivation of iaaM abolished gall formation on apple tree roots. Transgenes designed to express double-stranded RNA from iaaM and ipt sequences prevented crown gall disease on roots of transgenic apple trees.these authors contributed equally to this workthese authors contributed equally to this work 相似文献
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