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1.
Carmen Di Franco Claudio Pisano Patrizio Dimitri Silvia Gigliotti Nikolaj Junakovic 《Chromosoma》1989,98(6):402-410
The genomic distribution of elements of the copia, 412, B 104, mdg 1, mdg 4 and 1731 transposon families was compared by the Southern technique in DNA preparations extracted from brains, salivary glands and adult flies of two related Drosophila lines. The copia, 412 and mdg 1 sequences were also probed in DNA from sperm, embryos, and 1st and 2nd instar larvae. The homogeneity of the patterns observed shows that somatic transposition is unlikely to occur frequently. A correlation between mobility and the euchromatic or heterochromatic location of transposable elements is discussed. In addition, an explanation of the variable band intensities of transposable elements in Southern autoradiographs is proposed. 相似文献
2.
Position Effect Variegation in Drosophila Melanogaster: Relationship between Suppression Effect and the Amount of Y Chromosome 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Position effect variegation results from chromosome rearrangements which translocate euchromatic genes close to the heterochromatin. The euchromatin-heterochromatin association is responsible for the inactivation of these genes in some cell clones. In Drosophila melanogaster the Y chromosome, which is entirely heterochromatic, is known to suppress variegation of euchromatic genes. In the present work we have investigated the genetic nature of the variegation suppressing property of the D. melanogaster Y chromosome. We have determined the extent to which different cytologically characterized Y chromosome deficiencies and Y fragments suppress three V-type position effects: the Y-suppressed lethality, the white mottled and the brown dominant variegated phenotypes. We find that: (1) chromosomes which are cytologically different and yet retain similar amounts of heterochromatin are equally effective suppressors, and (2) suppression effect is positively related to the size of the Y chromosome deficiencies and fragments that we tested. It increases with increasing amounts of Y heterochromatin up to 60-80% of the entire Y, after which the effect reaches a plateau. These findings suggest suppression is a function of the amount of Y heterochromatin present in the genome and is not attributable to any discrete Y region. 相似文献
3.
M De Ferrari M Artuso S Bonassi S Bonatti Z Cavalieri D Pescatore E Marchini V Pisano A Abbondandolo 《Mutation research》1991,260(1):105-113
Chromosome aberrations (CA) and sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE) were measured in lymphocytes of (A) 32 healthy individuals working in the flower industry and exposed to pesticides, (B) 32 individuals exposed as above and hospitalized for bladder cancer, and (C) 31 controls. Compounds to which floriculturists were exposed included 18 nitro-organic herbicides and fungicides, 9 nitro-organic fungicides, 12 organophosphate and organothiophosphate insecticides, 4 hydrocarbon derivative herbicides and 5 inorganic fungicides and insecticides. 150 and 70 metaphases per individual were scored for CA and SCE, respectively. A significant increase in the incidence of CA and SCE was observed in both exposed groups. Cancer patients showed the presence of rare rearrangements (dicentrics, rings and quadriradials) that were not observed in controls and were present at a lower frequency in healthy exposed people. Hyperdiploid and polyploid metaphases were also significantly increased in the 2 exposed groups compared to controls. Stratifying for age or smoking habits, although affecting the significance of individual data, did not change the substance of the results. 相似文献
4.
5.
A total of 58 cultures, tentatively identified as species of the genus Cephalosporium, were screened in flask fermentations for their ability to effect conversions of progesterone (Delta(4)-pregnene-3,20-dione) and Reichstein's Substance S (Delta(4)-pregnene-17alpha,21-diol-3,20-dione). A large number of transformations were observed by means of a series of five paper chromatography systems rated for analysis of steroid compounds ranging in polarity from progesterone to polyhydroxylated steroids. Five different transformation products were selected for isolation and identification. For purposes of recovery, conversions were conducted under submerged conditions in either 4- or 200-liter fermentors in which the broth was agitated and aerated. The steroid substrate was dissolved in acetone and added aseptically to the growing culture in a final concentration of 0.025%. After the conversions were effected, the whole broth was extracted with chloroform, and the transformation products were recovered, either by direct crystallization from solvents or through the use of silica gel columns. It was determined that C. ciferrii 21C converted progesterone to Delta(4)-androstene-3,17-dione. Kendall's Compound F (Delta(4)-pregnene-11beta,17alpha,21-triol-3,20-dione) was converted to its 20beta-ol analogue by Geotrichum sp. 51C (during these studies, a number of cultures were taxonomically reclassified). Cephalosporium sp. 27C formed the Delta(1)-analogue of Reichstein's Substance S, and Cephalosporium sclerotigenum 31C and Verticillium aphidum both converted Substance S to the 6beta-hydroxy derivative. Paecilomyces persicinus 22C converted Substance S to a product believed to be a dihydroxylated derivative. 相似文献
6.
Fusarium moniliforme grown in a chemically defined medium in submerged culture accumulated amino acids extracellularly. Alanine and glutamic acid were present in greatest amounts, with traces of glycine, lysine, threonine, and valine detectable. Increasing the glucose and urea concentrations of the medium increased yields of alanine. Further increases in alanine production occurred with elevated levels of mineral salts in the medium, whereas the addition of a vitamin mixture proved to be inhibitory. Chemical changes resulting from the growth of F. moniliforme in the final fermentation medium disclosed maximal alanine production, mycelial weight, and glucose consumption after 72 hr of incubation at 28.5 C. Total soluble nitrogen, by contrast, was minimal at the same time period. The pH remained in the alkaline range throughout the fermentation. 相似文献
7.
The lethal effects of high-intensity airborne sonic (9.9 kc/sec) and ultrasonic waves (30.4 kc/sec) on spores of Bacillus subtilis var. niger ATCC 9372 were determined. The spores, which were deposited on filter-paper strips, were exposed to sound waves for periods varying from 1 to 8 hr, at a temperature of 40 C and a relative humidity of 40%. Significant reductions in the viable counts of spores exposed to airborne sonic or ultrasonic irradiations were obtained. The antibacterial activity of airborne sound waves varied with the sound intensity level, the period of irradiation, and the distance of the sample from the sound source. At similar intensity levels, the amplitude of motion of the sound waves appeared to be a factor in acoustic sterilization. 相似文献
8.
蚕豆叶片发育与衰老过程中超氧物歧化酶活性与丙二醛含量变化 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
蚕豆植株叶片随茎节自上而下表现出明显的发育与衰老顺序,可作为衰老特征的是叶绿素和蛋白质含量明显下降。蚕豆叶中SOD活性主要定位于12 000× g离心后所得的上清液和叶绿体组分。衰老叶片的SOD总活性和叶绿体组分的相对活性都有所下降,SOD同工酶谱也发生了改变。O_2~ 产生速率随叶龄增大而稍上升;而MDA含量在叶片外观表现枯黄衰老征兆前就急剧上升。可能因为衰老叶片过氧化氢酶活性大幅度下降与SOD之间的不平衡,致使O_2~ 代谢中间产物累积而引起膜的损伤. 相似文献
9.
Glycosylation sites identified by solid-phase Edman degradation: O-linked glycosylation motifs on human glycophorin A 总被引:10,自引:2,他引:8
Pisano Anthony; Redmond John W.; Williams Keith L.; Gooley Andrew A. 《Glycobiology》1993,3(5):429-435
The human red blood cell sialoglycoprotein, glycophorin A (GpA),contains a mucin-like extensively O-glycosylatedextracellular domain which carries the MN blood group antigens.We have revised the sites of O-glyccsylation in the extracellulardomain of GpA by automated solid-phase Edman degradation, whichallowed positive identification and quantitation of O-glycosylatedSer and Thr residues, as well as the single N-glycosylationsite. One N-linked and 16 O-linked sites were identified. Carbohydratewas absent on Ser 1, Ser14, Ser15, Ser23, Thr28 and Thr58 inGpA. We propose that the glycosyltransferases present in erythrocytesrecognize specific flanking sequences around potential O-glycosylationsites. All 16 O-glycosylation sites are explained on the basisof four motifs. Three motifs are associated with Thr-glycosylation:XaaProXaaXaa where at least one Xaa = Thr;ThrXaaXaaXaa where at least one Xaa = Thr;XaaXaaThrXaa where at least one X = Argor Lys. The fourth motif is associated with Ser-glycosylation:SerXaaXaaXaa where at least one Xaa = Ser.These simple rules explain the glycosylation (or lack of it)on 21 of 22 Ser/Thr in the extracellular domain of GpA. glycophorin A O-glycosylation motif solid-phase Edman degradation 相似文献
10.
A procedure is described for coupling wheat germ agglutinin to cyanogen bromide-activated Sepharose to yield a lectin affinity column of high capacity. Covalent linkage of the lectin to the insoluble matrix is carried out in the presence of a mixture of β-1,4-linked N-acetylglucosamine oligosaccharides prepared from chitin. The lectin-affinity column specifically recognizes glycoproteins containing N-acetylglucosamine residues with the capacity of binding 0.6–1.0 mg of ovomucoid per milliliter of gel. The affinity column is stable (as determined by ovomucoid binding) and shows little loss in binding capacity or specificity after repeated usage. Important characteristics for the use of this column to purify glycoproteins are described. 相似文献