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Buono Pasqualina D'Armiento Francesco P. Terzi Giuseppe Alfieri Andreina Salvatore Francesco 《Brain Cell Biology》2001,30(12):957-965
We have analyzed the distribution of aldolase A and C mRNAs and proteins in various areas of the human brain using Northern blot analyses and immunohistochemistry. Aldolase A mRNA expression was higher than aldolase C mRNA expression in all areas of the brain examined. Aldolase C mRNA expression was highest in the cerebellum. Aldolase C protein was present in well-delimited regions of the CNS, and was distributed in stripes in the Purkinje cell layer of the cerebellum, in the inferior olives and in the sensory neurons of the posterior horn of the spinal cord. The novel finding of aldolase C in well-delimited cell compartments of the human cerebellum and in several other areas of the CNS lends weight to the hypothesis that this protein exerts other functions (e.g. sensory transmission) besides those characteristic of a glycolytic enzyme. 相似文献
3.
Leptin, its receptor and ACTH were detected by immunohistochemistry in the gastrointestinal tract and the neural tube of the amphibian urodele, Triturus cristatus carnifex, during development. These molecules were found after hatching of tadpoles, starting from stage 41. In the gastrointestinal tract, cells immunoreactive to leptin and its receptor were first revealed in the stomach, the liver and the gut and then in the pancreas. Both immunoreactives were colocalized in the same cells in some areas. Immunostaining for ACTH appeared at stages 43/45 in the stomach, the gut and the pancreas. In adjacent sections, a few cells immunoreactive to both ACTH and leptin receptor were detected. A few cells were immunoreactive to both insulin and leptin receptor. Immunoreactivities to leptin and its receptor were also found in adjacent sections of the neural tube, often colocalized in the same cell. Moreover, in prosencephalon, mesencephalon, rhomboencephalon and spinal cord, ACTH-immunoreactive cells were detected in the same areas as the leptin receptor immunoreactive cells. These results suggest the existence of a neuroendocrine network in newt tadpoles both at the central level, where it resembles that of mammals, and at the peripheral level, where it may act locally to regulate food intake and metabolism, e.g. yolk digestion. 相似文献
4.
Focarelli R Capone A Ermini L Del Buono F Battista La Sala G Balasini M Rosati F 《Molecular reproduction and development》2003,64(2):226-234
In oocytes of the mollusc bivalve Unio elongatulus, gp273 is the ligand molecule for sperm-egg interaction and binding is mediated by its O-glycans. A serum raised against this protein enabled its localization in the crater region, the area of the vitelline coat where sperm recognition occurs, and showed that after cyanogen bromide fragmentation, the anti-gp273 epitope(s) was retained by a peptide where the O-glycans are localized. In this article, we utilized purified anti-gp273 immunoglobulins to characterize the corresponding epitope by: (i) immunoblotting analysis of the protein after removal of O- and N-glycans; (ii) solid phase binding analysis of anti-gp273 IgG to gp273 N- and O-glycans; and (iii) binding analysis of the same antibody to commercially available oligosaccharides. The results showed that the epitope consists of O-glycans and contains a Lewis-like structure with fucose as determinant. Anti-gp273 IgG were then used to investigate human zona pellucida by immunoelectronmicroscopy and immunoblotting. Epitopes recognized by the antibody were demonstrated on the outer surface of the zona pellucida and shown to belong to a zona pellucida protein having electrophoretic mobility similar to human ZP3. Since human sperm specifically bind to gp273, and anti-gp273 interferes with this binding a functional role for these epitopes is suggested. 相似文献
5.
Kolkhorst FW Mason CL DiPasquale DM Patterson P Buono MJ 《Advances in physiology education》2001,25(1-4):117-122
We developed an inquiry-based learning model to better stimulate undergraduate students' cognitive development of exercise physiology laboratory concepts. The course core is the two independent research projects that students, working in small groups, complete during the last 9 wk of the semester. Student groups develop their own research question and hypothesis, design the experiment, collect and analyze the data, and report their findings to the rest of the class using presentation software. To help with success of the research projects, students are taken through a series of guided-inquiry laboratory activities during the initial 6 wk of the semester to develop laboratory skills and an understanding of the scientific process. Observations of student behaviors reflected a high level of enthusiasm and engagement in laboratory activities. Surveys, journal entries, and interviews indicated that students felt empowered by having ownership in their projects, which may be the key reason for the success of this model. 相似文献
6.
In this paper we continue the analysis of a network of symmetrically coupled cells modeling central pattern generators for quadruped locomotion proposed by Golubitsky, Stewart, Buono, and Collins. By a cell we mean a system of ordinary differential equations and by a coupled cell system we mean a network of identical cells with coupling terms. We have three main results in this paper. First, we show that the proposed network is the simplest one modeling the common quadruped gaits of walk, trot, and pace. In doing so we prove a general theorem classifying spatio-temporal symmetries of periodic solutions to equivariant systems of differential equations. We also specialize this theorem to coupled cell systems. Second, this paper focuses on primary gaits; that is, gaits that are modeled by output signals from the central pattern generator where each cell emits the same waveform along with exact phase shifts between cells. Our previous work showed that the network is capable of producing six primary gaits. Here, we show that under mild assumptions on the cells and the coupling of the network, primary gaits can be produced from Hopf bifurcation by varying only coupling strengths of the network. Third, we discuss the stability of primary gaits and exhibit these solutions by performing numerical simulations using the dimensionless Morris-Lecar equations for the cell dynamics. 相似文献
7.
Buono PL 《Journal of mathematical biology》2001,42(4):327-346
We continue the analysis of the network of symmetrically coupled cells modeling central pattern generators (CPG) for quadruped locomotion proposed by Golubitsky, Stewart, Buono and Collins by studying secondary gaits. Secondary gaits are modeled by output signals from the CPG where each cell emits one of two different output signals along with exact phase shifts. Examples of secondary gaits are transverse gallop, rotary gallop, and canter. We classify secondary gaits that bifurcate when the Poincaré map of a primary gait has a real eigenvalue crossing the unit circle. In particular, we show that periodic solutions modeling transverse gallop and rotary gallop bifurcate from primary gaits. Moreover, we find gaits from period-doubling bifurcations and analyze plausible footfall patterns. Numerical simulations are performed using the Morris-Lecar equations as cell dynamics. 相似文献
8.
Molecular dynamics simulations of triclinic hen egg white lysozyme in aqueous solution were performed to calculate the intrinsic pKas of 14 ionizable residues. An all-atom model was used for both solvent and solute, and a single 180 ps simulation in conjunction with a Gaussian fluctuation analysis method was used. An advantage of the Gaussian fluctuation method is that it only requires a single simulation of the system in a reference state to calculate all the pKas in the protein, in contrast to multiple simulations for the free energy perturbation method. pKint shifts with respect to reference titratable residues were evaluated and compared to results obtained using a finite difference Poisson-Boltzmann (FDPB) method with a continuum solvent model; overall agreement with the direction of the shifts was generally observed, though the magnitude of the shifts was typically larger with the explicit solvent model. The contribution of the first solvation shell to the total charging free energies of the titratable groups was explicitly evaluated and found to be significant. Dielectric shielding between pairs of titratable groups was examined and found to be smaller than expected. The effect of the approximations used to treat the long-range interactions on the pKint shifts is discussed. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
9.
Over recent years it has emerged how certain no crop-species can be employed in phytoremediating contaminated soils or preventing herbicide pollution; in this contest Festuca arundinacea was investigated. Shoots of Festuca were submitted to fast protein liquid chromatography in order to identify their glutathione S-transferases (GST; EC 2.5.1.18), by a combination of anionic, affinity and RP-HPLC chromatography. The chromatographic procedure revealed satisfactory yield and four GSTs were identified: they were named FaGST I, FaGST II, FaGST III and FaGST IV. Among these, significant differences were observed in the chromatographic behaviours, structure, activity toward a "model" substrate, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, and responsiveness to the herbicide safener benoxacor. FaGST I showed the highest activity toward the above substrate, and this activity was up-regulated by the herbicide safener. Therefore, FaGST I was purified till homogeneity and was determined to be an heterodimer consisting of two subunits of 28.0 and 27.2kDa. Each subunit of FaGST I was further characterized by means of LC-ESI-MS/MS and immunoblotting analysis, which revealed that both the subunits belong to the tau subclass. 相似文献
10.
Rmy Fortrie David Gatineau Damien Hrault Aurlie Bal Jean-Valre Naubron Laurent Giordano Grard Buono 《Chirality》2022,34(1):27-33
The racemization mechanism of tert-butylphenylphosphido-borane is investigated experimentally and theoretically. Based on this converging approach, it is shown, first, that several phosphido-borane molecular species coexist at the time of the reaction and, second, that one particular of both initially assumed reactive routes most significantly contribute to the overall racemization process. From our converging modeling and experimental measurement, it comes out that the most probable species to be here encountered is a phosphido-borane-Li (THF)2 neutral solvate, whose P-stereogenic center monomolecular inversion through a Y-shaped transition structure (ΔrG°≠: 81 kJ mol?1) brings the largest contribution to the racemization process. 相似文献