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1.
Like the alcohol-soluble seed storage proteins (also called prolamins) of other cereals, avenins, the oat prolamins, are a series of polymorphic molecules belonging to a multigenic family stored within the protein bodies of the starchy endosperm. Nevertheless, they exhibit some pecularities: among the seed storage proteins, their proportion is low compared to prolamins from other cereal species; their net charge is higher; the amount of Gln + Pro only reaches 49 mol%; they are less polymorphic. We have isolated and purified several avenins and sequenced their N-terminal end. The microheterogeneity and the pecularity of avenins are revealed by the comparison of the N-terminal sequences. Like other prolamins, they exhibit tandem repeats; these repetitive peptides are slightly different from those of other prolamins of the Festucoideae, and the repetition begins earlier in the sequence. As for prolamins from other species, their predicted secondary structure reveals successive beta-turns which might be arranged in a pseudo-helix structure. 相似文献
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P R Galle L Theilmann R Raedsch G Rudolph B Kommerell A Stiehl 《Biochimica et biophysica acta》1989,1003(3):250-253
Rat primary liver cells were used to study taurine and glycine conjugation and sulfation of lithocholate. After addition of [14C]lithocholate to the tissue culture medium, synthesis and excretion of amidated and/or sulfated products were investigated for up to 24 h. After incubation for 1 h, more than 83% of the labeled bile salt was amidated but not sulfated and between 5 and 11% was sulfated, with more than 80% of the sulfated bile salts being also amidated. After 24 h, the proportion of sulfated lithocholate had increased to about 23% and more than 99% of the lithocholate sulfate was additionally conjugated with glycine or taurine. Both sulfates and non-sulfates were preferably amidated with taurine. We conclude that in primary rat hepatocytes, (1) lithocholate is rapidly and almost completely conjugated with glycine or taurine (amidated), whereas sulfation of lithocholate (and its amidates) proceeds slowly and even after 24 h represents only a small proportion of the total lithocholate metabolites, and (2) sulfated and unsulfated bile salts are both preferably amidated with taurine. 相似文献
4.
Experimental reovirus myocarditis in newborn mice. Electron microscopic observations 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
T G?ller J Galle H J Eggers B Bültmann 《Virchows Archiv. B, Cell pathology including molecular pathology》1986,50(4):373-386
Reovirus is a double-stranded RNA-virus which induces myocarditis in newborn mice. Due to the large diameter of the viral particles (70-75 nm) it can be detected by electron microscopy. Subcutaneous inoculation of 0.05 ml reovirus type 3 (TCID50-titer: 10(8.5)/ml) into newborn NMRI-mice (12-18 h after birth) caused a grey-yellow mottling on the ventricular surface first seen on the 5th day after birth. At the same time muscle fiber necrosis was observed which increased with time. Electron microscopic investigations of the diseased heart muscle disclosed a marked interstitial oedema, swelling of the tubular system and sarcoplasmic reticulum, and degenerative changes in the mitochondria of individual myocardiocytes as early as the 2nd post-inoculation day. Simultaneously, an enlarged Golgi-apparatus and an increasing number of lysosomes, partially exhibiting acid phosphatase activity, was detected in the perinuclear region of ventricular myocardiocytes. On the 5th day after infection, viruses were detected either within single membrane vesicles, dispersed in cytoplasm or as aggregated clusters in the perinuclear region. These in vivo electron microscopic findings correspond with observations of virus propagation in cell-culture systems. 相似文献
5.
Jean-Pierre Berry Marcel Chaintreau Danile Chassoux Robert Dennebouy Franoise Escaig Pierre Galle Jean-Michel Rossignol George Slodzian Sylvie Tlouzeau 《Biology of the cell / under the auspices of the European Cell Biology Organization》1994,81(1):65-72
Summary— The intra-cellular distribution of eight halogen glucocorticoids was investigated by ion microscopy in two cellular varieties of cultured non-cancer cells (fibroblast 3T3) and cancer cells (human breast tumor cells MCF-7). Two types of ion microscopy helped to determine this distribution, a direct imaging ion microscope (SMI 300) with low spatial resolution, and a scanning ion microscope (IMS4F), featuring high resolution, serving to obtain maps representing the intra-cellular distribution of the fluorine elements and drugs present in these monolayer cultured cells. The fluorine images representative of the drugs containing fluorine showed that these drugs are essentially concentrated in the cell nuclei. In these nuclei, the distribution of these drugs is different from that of heterochromatin and of the nucleolus. 相似文献
6.
The dynamic properties of water in phosphatidylcholine lipid/water dispersions have been studied, applying a combination of 2H-NMR techniques (quadrupole splitting and spin-lattice relaxation time) and self-diffusion measurements using pulsed field gradient (PFG) 1H-NMR. The hydration properties of POPC (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine) were compared with those of DOPC (1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine) and EYL (egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (lecithin)). A model is presented that assumes an exponentially decaying influence of the bilayer surface on water dynamics as well as on water orientation with increasing hydration. This assumption is based on an exponentially decaying hydration potential which results from direct lipid-water and water-water interactions. The model describes successfully the experimental data for a large water concentration range, especially at low hydration, where other models failed. With the exception of a small fraction of water which is significantly influenced by the surface in slowing down the mobility, the interbilayer water has isotropic, free water characteristics in terms of correlation times and molecular order. Hydration properties of POPC are comparable with those of EYL but differ from DOPC. At very low water content the correlation times of headgroup segmental reorientation and water are similar, indicating a strong coupling of this water to the lipid lattice. The hydration properties of the three lipids studied are explained in terms of slightly different headgroup conformations due to different lateral packing of the molecules by their fatty-acid chain composition. 相似文献
7.
Niobium is used as an alloy in the industrial and biomedical fields. The concentration of the toxic element in organs of a number of animal species has been defined by using radioactive niobium (95Nb). However, tissue lesions induced by niobium have only been studied at the light microscopy level. In this study, we used an electron probe X-ray analyzer equipped with a transmission electron microscope to define the localization of this element in kidney and bone marrow cells. Results demonstrated that niobium is located in the lysosome and that this element coprecipitates with phosphate. In kidney, lysosomes and precipitates are eliminated in the tubular lumen. In contrast, precipitates appear to be eliminated more slowly from the lysosomes of bone marrow macrophages. These processes therefore correspond to one of the mechanisms by which lysosomes eliminate certain toxic mineral elements and thus play a role in the more general process of the body's defenses. 相似文献
8.
A microanalytic study of particles transport across the alveoli: role of blood platelets 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
J P Berry B Arnoux G Stanislas P Galle J Chretien 《Biomedicine / [publiée pour l'A.A.I.C.I.G.]》1977,27(9-10):354-357
Following intratracheal injection of particles of colloidal gold (30 nm) in the rat, particles in the blood platelets of the alveolar capillaries can rapidly be observed. The presence of the gold is confirmed by microanalysis. The role of this phenomenon in pulmonary clearance is discussed. 相似文献
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T Kohl N Gehrke A Schad M Nagel M A W?rns M F Sprinzl T Zimmermann Y-W He P R Galle M Schuchmann J M Schattenberg 《Cell death & disease》2013,4(7):e712
The endemic occurrence of obesity and the associated risk factors that constitute the metabolic syndrome have been predicted to lead to a dramatic increase in chronic liver disease. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has become the most frequent liver disease in countries with a high prevalence of obesity. In addition, hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance have been implicated in disease progression of other liver diseases, including chronic viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The molecular mechanisms underlying the link between insulin signaling and hepatocellular injury are only partly understood. We have explored the role of the antiapoptotic caspase-8 homolog cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (cFLIP) on liver cell survival in a diabetic model with hypoinsulinemic diabetes in order to delineate the role of insulin signaling on hepatocellular survival. cFLIP regulates cellular injury from apoptosis signaling pathways, and loss of cFLIP was previously shown to promote injury from activated TNF and CD95/Apo-1 receptors. In mice lacking cFLIP in hepatocytes (flip−/−), loss of insulin following streptozotocin treatment resulted in caspase- and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-dependent liver injury after 21 days. Substitution of insulin, inhibition of JNK using the SP600125 compound in vivo or genetic deletion of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)9 (JNK2) in all tissues abolished the injurious effect. Strikingly, the difference in injury between wild-type and cFLIP-deficient mice occurred only in vivo and was accompanied by liver-infiltrating inflammatory cells with a trend toward increased amounts of NK1.1-positive cells and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Transfer of bone marrow from rag-1-deficient mice that are depleted from B and T lymphocytes prevented liver injury in flip−/− mice. These findings support a direct role of insulin on cellular survival by alternating the activation of injurious MAPK, caspases and the recruitment of inflammatory cells to the liver. Thus, increasing resistance to insulin signaling pathways in hepatocytes appears to be an important factor in the initiation and progression of chronic liver disease. 相似文献