Ecology of vegetative regeneration after coppicing in macchia stands in central Italy

Vegetative regeneration after coppicing of Quercus ilex, Phillyrea latifolia, and Fraxinus ornus in two macchia stands in the Maremma Nature Park (Grosseto, Italy) has been studied.Observations during the first three years after the cut showed that horizontal space occupation by shoots is rapid (95% of the available space being reoccupied within 3 yrs.) and stool mortality very low. We observed differences among species in resprouting, growth pattern and shoot differentiation. Q. ilex and P. latifolia had a longer budburst period than F. ornus. There were no considerable differences in height growth among the three species in the first year. During the second and third years the height increments decreased. F. ornus average height increments were higher than those of Q. ilex and P. latifolia. These two species produced proleptic flushes from the first year on, while F. ornus only showed spring flush. The examination of proleptic shoots and of summer and autumn rainfall seem to show that the latter control Q. ilex growth and shoot differentiation more than that of other species. Differentiation among shoots of the same stool occurs from the first year onwards and the initial vigour differences amongst shoots remain during the following years. Resprouting, space occupation and shoot differentiation have been discussed in relation to rainfall and temperature.The high stool survival and the strong link between stool vigour parameters before and after coppicing confirm a certain stability in successional dynamics following a single coppicing event.Abbreviations CA Crown Projection Area - DBH Diameter at Breast Height (1.30 m) - F. ornus Fraxinus ornus - G Basal area at Breast Height (1.30 m) - HD Height of the dominant shoot per stool - ND Number of the dominant shoots per stool - P. latifolia Phillyrea latifolia - Q. ilex Quercus ilex