Some Data on Reproductive Biology of Spotted Ghoul Inimicus sinensis (Synanceiidae)

Journal of Ichthyology - Gonadal structure, cytological condition of oocytes, ultrastructure of egg envelope, and spermatozoa morphology are studied in the individuals of Inimicus sinensis...     

Precise excision of bacterial transposon Tn5 in yeast

Summary We have demonstrated that precise excision of bacterial transposon Tn5 can occur in the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Tn5 insertions in the yeast gene LYS2 were generated by transposon mutagenesis made in Escherichia coli by means of a ::Tn5 vector. Nine insertions of Tn5 into the structural part of the yeast LYS2 gene situated in a shuttle epsiomal plasmid were selected. All the plasmids with a Tn5 insertion were used to transform yeast strains carrying a deletion of the entire LYS2 gene or a deletion of the part of LYS2 overlapping the point of insertion.All insertions inactivated the LYS2 gene and were able to revert with low (about 10^-8) frequencies to lysine prototrophy. Restriction analysis of revertant plasmids revealed them to be indistinguishable from the original plasmid without Tn5 insertion. DNA sequencing of the regions containing the points of insertions, made for two revertants, proved that Tn5 excision was completely precise.     

Swimming response of goldfish,Carassius auratus,and the tetra,Hemigrammus caudovittatus,larvae to individual food items and patches

Synopsis Swimming speed and swimming path of goldfish and tetra larvae were studied in aquaria containing food patches composed of decapsulated cysts and immobilized nauplii of Artemia salina or sparsely distributed prey. The mean swimming speed of starved larvae in the medium without food was about four times higher than the speed of larvae feeding in a patch. Satiated larvae swam about 1.5 times slower than hungry fish. Consumption of single prey items by starved larvae caused the following sequence of swimming responses: handling pause (cessation of swimming), slow swimming in a restricted area, and fast swimming (approximately twice as fast as hungry larvae before encountering food) accompanied by a widening of the area searched (area increased searching). Mean swimming speed was constant over a broad range (10¹–10³ ind·1^–1 of food density, although at extreme (high or low) values of food density it depended on swimming responses of the predator. Frequency of visits to the different parts of the aquarium strongly depended on encounters of hungry fish with food particles or patches.     

田螺科五种螺的核型研究

以早期胚胎细胞为材料,用火焰干燥法制片,对分布于我国湖北省武汉市近郊的常见田螺科(Viviparidae)五种螺的核型进行了分析。结果:两种圆田螺的染色体数和国外报道的同一属的种类的一致。而三种环棱螺的染色体数,则较国外报道的另两种的少得多。在铜锈环棱螺的核型中,其m组的第一对和sm组的第四对染色体上,具有明显的随体,出现频率甚高。     

中国鲤科鱼类染色体组型的研究 Ⅱ.鲴亚科四种鱼的染色体组型

鲴亚科(Xenocyprininae)鱼类多为中小型鱼类,常见于江河湖泊等较宽阔的水域中,我国长江、黑龙江、黄河及珠江诸流域皆有分布,共有10种,隶属4个属(伍献文等,1964)。迄今尚未见有该亚科鱼类染色体组型的研究报道。本文是对其中三属四种鱼的染色体组型的观察结果。这四种鱼是银鲴(Xenocypris argentea)、黄尾鲴(Xenocypris davidi)、细鳞斜颌鲴(Plagiognathops microlepis)和逆鱼(Acanthobrama simoni)。其中黄尾鲴和细鳞斜颌鲴均为新的淡水养殖鱼(沈德长等,1981;陈楚星,1979)。     

植物冷锻炼对于胁强敏感度的影响(英文)

前文由柑桔枝条在不同低温下、不同冷冻时间的电解质外渗测定,提出胁强(stress)、作用时间与胁变(strain)之间关系的数学模型。在这个模型中共有3个参数:屈服点温度(yield point temperature),胁强敏感度(stress sensitivity)和作用时间敏感度(sensitivity to duration),用以描述植物的抗性。抗性强的植物应表现为屈服点温度较低,胁强敏感度或者时间敏感度较低。为验证此数学模型,本工作以经冷锻炼与未经冷锻炼的盆栽柑桔枝条为材料,作不同温度与时间处理的电解质外渗率的测定,研究了冷锻炼对于上述3个参数的影响。发现胁强敏感度和屈服点温度受冷锻炼影响而下降,时间敏感度未表现明显变化。对于田间柑桔、油桐与毛竹的定期测定,在固定冷冻时间下,得到了类似于盆栽柑桔的结果。入冬时,植物抗冻性提高,3种植物都表现出下列两种变化:1.胁强敏感度的明显下降;2.屈服点温度和/或时间敏感度亦下降。开春时的变化则相反。胁强敏感度的变化与后一种变化有各自的规律,且因植物种类而不同。拐点胁强(stress at inflection point)具有与半致死温度(50％killing point temperature)不同的意义,它的变化是上述两种变化的综合结果。本试验结果表明,冷锻炼对于植物胁强敏感度有明显影响,用本数学模型的3个抗性指标描述     

Production of phosphomonoesterases by Nicotiana tabacum 1507 in an aqueous two-phase system

Studies were conducted on Nicotiana tabacum 1507 cultivation in an aqueous two-phase system (PD(5)) formed by adding 4% PEG (MW 20,000) and 7.5% dextran (MW 70,000) to the medium. The time course of growth and changes in the phase volumes of the PD(5) system, as well as the biosynthesis, secretion, and partitioning of phosphomonoesterases during 11 days of cultivation, were followed. In comparison with N. tabacum 1507 cultivation as a free suspension, on day 8 of cultivation in the PD(5) system the yields of acid and alkaline extracellular phosphomonoesterases were 18 and 10 times higher, respectively. Partitioning took place mainly in the bottom phase with specific activity being 4.5 and 3.5 times higher, respectively. (c) 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

The fidelity of the human leading and lagging strand DNA replication apparatus with 8-oxodeoxyguanosine triphosphate.

A product of oxidative metabolism, 8-oxodeoxyguanosine triphosphate (8-O-dGTP), readily pairs with adenine during DNA replication, ultimately causing A.T-->C.G transversions. This study utilized 8-O-dGTP as a probe to examine the fidelity of the leading and lagging strand replication apparatus in extracts of HeLa cells. Simian virus (SV) 40 T antigen-dependent DNA replication reactions were performed with two M13mp2 vectors with the SV40 origin located on opposite sides of the lacZ alpha sequence used to score replication errors. The presence of 8-O-dGTP at equimolar concentration with each of the 4 normal dNTPs resulted in a > 46-fold increase in error rate for A.T-->C.G transversion over that observed in the absence of 8-O-dGTP. A similar average error rate was observed on the (+) and (-) strands in both vectors, suggesting that the fidelity of replication by leading and lagging strand replication proteins is similar for the dA.8-O-dGMP mispair. Replication fidelity in the presence of 8-O-dGTP was reduced on both strands when an inhibitor of exonucleolytic proofreading (dGMP) was added to the reaction. These data suggest that the majority of dA.8-O-dGMP mispairs are proofread by both leading and lagging strand replication proteins.