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1.
A method is described which allows a clear demonstration of capillaries and muscle fibers in the heart and skeletal muscle of experimental animals. The fluorescent dyes fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and lissamine rhodamine B 200 (RB 200) were conjugated with a protein of high (gamma-globulin) and low (myoglobin) molecular weight, respectively, and were intravitally injected into the vascular system of rats. FITC globulin distributes itself in the intravasal space and RB 200 myoglobin in the extracellular. In histological sections the capillary lumina and the borderlines of the muscular fibers can be clearly identified and quantitatively evaluated because of the selective fluorescence in the respective structures. 相似文献
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The aquatic larvae of the genus Chironomus (Diptera, Insecta) contain at least 12 different hemoglobin (Hb) variants in their hemolymph. In the present study we have analysed the structure and part of the nucleotide sequence of a Hb gene cluster cloned from the genomic DNA of Chironomus thummi piger. The cluster contains probably 6 different genes, separated by intergenic regions of various lengths. The nucleotide sequence of three putative Hb genes including the intergenic regions is presented. The inferred amino-acid sequences show clearly that two of these putative genes code for subvariants of the Hb variant VIIB. The third gene codes for a so far unknown Hb protein. As known already for other chironomid Hb genes, there are no intron sequences present in the coding regions. 相似文献
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Carlo L. Seifert Martin Volf Leonardo R. Jorge Tomokazu Abe Grace Carscallen Pavel Drozd Rajesh Kumar Greg P.A. Lamarre Martin Libra Maria E. Losada Scott E. Miller Masashi Murakami Geoffrey Nichols Petr Pyszko Martin igut David L. Wagner Vojtch Novotný 《Ecology and evolution》2020,10(24):14137
- Assemblages of insect herbivores are structured by plant traits such as nutrient content, secondary metabolites, physical traits, and phenology. Many of these traits are phylogenetically conserved, implying a decrease in trait similarity with increasing phylogenetic distance of the host plant taxa. Thus, a metric of phylogenetic distances and relationships can be considered a proxy for phylogenetically conserved plant traits and used to predict variation in herbivorous insect assemblages among co‐occurring plant species.
- Using a Holarctic dataset of exposed‐feeding and shelter‐building caterpillars, we aimed at showing how phylogenetic relationships among host plants explain compositional changes and characteristics of herbivore assemblages.
- Our plant–caterpillar network data derived from plot‐based samplings at three different continents included >28,000 individual caterpillar–plant interactions. We tested whether increasing phylogenetic distance of the host plants leads to a decrease in caterpillar assemblage overlap. We further investigated to what degree phylogenetic isolation of a host tree species within the local community explains abundance, density, richness, and mean specialization of its associated caterpillar assemblage.
- The overlap of caterpillar assemblages decreased with increasing phylogenetic distance among the host tree species. Phylogenetic isolation of a host plant within the local plant community was correlated with lower richness and mean specialization of the associated caterpillar assemblages. Phylogenetic isolation had no effect on caterpillar abundance or density. The effects of plant phylogeny were consistent across exposed‐feeding and shelter‐building caterpillars.
- Our study reveals that distance metrics obtained from host plant phylogeny are useful predictors to explain compositional turnover among hosts and host‐specific variations in richness and mean specialization of associated insect herbivore assemblages in temperate broadleaf forests. As phylogenetic information of plant communities is becoming increasingly available, further large‐scale studies are needed to investigate to what degree plant phylogeny structures herbivore assemblages in other biomes and ecosystems.
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E Ortega Rincón J M Marchena J J García A Schmidt T Schulz I Malpica A B Rodríguez C Barriga H Michna H L?tzerich 《Journal of applied physiology》2001,91(3):1067-1072
Flow cytometer measurements were made of the basal variations in peripheral blood functional monocytes and granulocytes over the course of a training season (January to November) of a cycling team. Parallel determinations were made of plasma concentration of catecholamines (chromatography) and cortisol (RIA) in a search for neuroendocrine markers. The results showed the greatest phagocytic capacity to occur in the central months (March, May, and July), coinciding with the greatest number and highest level of competitive events with good correlation with a peak in epinephrine during these months (r(2) = 0.998 for monocytes and r(2) = 0.674 for granulocytes). No good correlations were found between phagocytosis and norepinephrine or cortisol. The highest values for phagocytosis and epinephrine concentration were found in May. These results suggest that blood epinephrine concentration could be a good neuroendocrine marker of sportspeople's phagocytic response. 相似文献
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Summary A male fetus of a pregnancy known to be at risk for X-linked mental retardation with fragile site Xq27 was found to be affected by demonstrating the marker X-chromosome in five of 180 (2.8%) of metaphases derived from amniocytes cultured in medium 199. The results were confirmed in fetal lymphocytes (25 of 86 metaphases, i.e. 29%), and fetal fibroblasts (five of 100 metaphases when cultured in medium 199, and 14 of 100 after exposure to methotrexate for 43 h).This work was supported in part by a research grant from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft 相似文献
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Acyltransferase-catalyzed cleavage of arachidonic acid from phospholipids and transfer to lysophosphatides in lymphocytes and macrophages 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The cleavage of fatty acyl moieties from phospholipids was compared in intact cells and homogenates of mouse lymphocytes (thymocytes, spleen cells) and macrophages. Liberation of free arachidonic acid during incubations of intact cells was only detectable in the presence of albumin. Homogenization of prelabeled thymocytes and further incubation of these homogenates at 37 degrees C resulted in a pronounced decrease of phospholipid degradation and cleavage of arachidonoyl residues, while further incubation of homogenates from prelabeled macrophages produced a greatly increased phospholipid degradation. Homogenates of macrophages but not those of thymocytes contain substantial activities of phospholipase A2 detectable using exogenous radiolabeled substrates. These findings indicate that in thymocytes cleavage of arachidonic acid from phosphatidylcholine is an active process that is not catalyzed by phospholipase A2. Addition of CoA and lysophosphatidylethanolamine to prelabeled thymocyte homogenates induced a fast breakdown of phosphatidylcholine and transfer of arachidonic acid to phosphatidylethanolamine, as in seen during incubations of intact thymocytes or macrophages. The transfer is restricted to arachidonic acid and does not require addition of ATP. Sodium cholate, a known inhibitor of the acyl-CoA:lysophosphatide acyltransferase, completely inhibited this transfer reaction. These results suggest that the CoA-mediated, ATP-independent breakdown of phosphatidylcholine and transfer of arachidonic acid is catalyzed by the acyl-CoA:lysophosphatide acyltransferase operating in reverse. 相似文献
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The cytomegalovirus enhancer: a pan-active control element in transgenic mice. 总被引:41,自引:2,他引:39
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In an effort to identify widely active positive regulatory elements, we have examined the action of the cytomegalovirus enhancer-promoter in transgenic mice. These elements activated expression in 24 of 28 tissues tested. The greatest expression was observed in the heart, kidney, brain, and testis. Maximum expression further localized to specific cells within the heart and kidney. 相似文献