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1.
A hitherto unknown defect in the immune responsiveness of B lymphocytes from SJL mice has enabled us to distinguish two qualitatively distinct classes of signal delivered to B cells by C8-substituted guanine ribonucleosides. This defect renders B cells from SJL mice unresponsive to the inductive (early acting) signal of 8-mercaptoguanosine (8MGuo) that culminates in mitogenesis and nonspecific secretion of immunoglobulin. Unresponsiveness is not attributable to a shift in either the dose-response or kinetic profiles, nor can the presence of suppressor cells be demonstrated. In striking contrast, however, SJL B cells exhibit normal responsiveness to the differentiative (T cell-like, or late acting) signal provided by the substituted nucleoside. This signal enables SJL B cells, depleted of T cells, to respond to T cell-dependent antigens, and synergizes with T cell-derived lymphokines. These data suggest 1) that nonspecific secretion of immunoglobulin is dependent on both inductive and differentiative signals, 2) that antigen alone can supply an effective inductive signal for antigen-specific responses, and 3) that the SJL mouse will provide a useful model for selective study of inductive vs differentiative events. 相似文献
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Craig B. H. Surman David W. Goodman 《Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders》2017,9(3):161-168
ADHD is a neurodevelopmental syndrome that often persists into adulthood. It is possible that different criteria are necessary for older adults than younger adults: the manifestations of ADHD could change with age; other conditions with onset in later life share presenting symptoms with ADHD; different contextual challenges and patterns of compensatory support may exist. For these reasons, we reviewed evidence for the validity of DSM ADHD criteria in adulthood for individuals over the age of 50. Specifically, we evaluated evidence that the DSM criteria for ADHD identify a valid syndrome in older adults based on clinical presentation, laboratory or testing findings, absence of alternate diagnosis to explain symptoms, course of the syndrome, or familial presence of the condition. We found evidence that various ADHD criteria identify subjects with clinical presentations similar to that seen in younger adults, but only 92 well-described cases have been reported in the literature. ADHD traits also may be less common in the general population of older adults than in younger adults, suggesting that the threshold for an atypical burden of ADHD traits may be lower in older populations. Future research can establish a richer basis for validity of diagnostic criteria for ADHD in older adults. 相似文献
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MOTIVATION: STS-content data for genomic mapping contain numerous errors and anomalies resulting in cross-links among distant regions of the genome. Identification of contigs within the data is an important and difficult problem. RESULTS: This paper introduces a graph algorithm which creates a simplified view of STS-content data. The shape of the resulting structure graph provides a quality check - coherent data produce a straight line, while anomalous data produce branches and loops. In the latter case, it is sometimes possible to disentangle the various paths into subsets of the data covering contiguous regions of the genome, i.e. contigs. These straight subgraphs can then be analyzed in standard ways to construct a physical map. A theoretical basis for the method is presented along with examples of its application to current STS data from human genome centers. AVAILABILITY: Freely available on request. 相似文献
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Evidence for a non-steroidal angiotropic factor from the primate corpus luteum: stimulation of endothelial cell migration in vitro 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
D A Redmer J D Rone A L Goodman 《Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine (New York, N.Y.)》1985,179(1):136-140
After luteal cells from 7 midluteal phase cynomolgus monkeys were cultured for 72 h, luteal conditioned media were found to contain angiotropic activity that stimulated endothelial cell migration in vitro, using a 48-microwell chemotaxis assembly. The number of endothelial cells that migrated through 8 micron-pore polycarbonate membranes in 2 h was three-fold greater (P less than 0.01) with luteal cell-conditioned vs identical unconditioned media. Pre-treatment of luteal cultures with hCG, FSH, or testosterone did not enhance production of the endothelial cell migration stimulating activity (P greater than 0.25). Luteal angiotropic activity was both chemotactic and chemokinetic. Angiotropic activity was retained in steroid-depleted fractions after reversed-phase chromatography. These results demonstrate that monkey luteal cells secrete a non-steroidal factor(s) which directly stimulate(s) migration of endothelial cells in vitro. A luteal angiotropic factor may be an important intraovarian regulator of the formation and lifespan of the primate corpus luteum during the ovarian cycle. 相似文献
8.
S J Richman M Goodman T M Nguyen P W Schiller 《International journal of peptide and protein research》1985,25(6):648-662
As part of our continuing effort to define structure-activity relationships for enkephalin and design enzymatically resistant analogs, we report the synthesis and biological activities of linear and cyclic enkephalin analogs modified at the Gly3-Phe4 amide bond. The partial retro-inverso enkephalin analog Tyr-D-Ala-gGly-(R,S)-mPhe-Leu-NH2 and its cyclic counterpart, Tyr-cyclo[D-A2 bu-gGly-(R,S)-mPhe-Leu-], were synthesized as diastereomeric mixtures using solution methodology. The racemic benzylmalonate allowed the linear analog to be synthesized by fragment coupling at the reversed bond. Cyclization of the second analog was carried out at high concentration, eliminating formation of polymer by the use of an insoluble base. All gem-diaminoalkyl residues were prepared by conversion of peptidyl amides with benzene iodonium bis(trifluoroacetate). Diastereomers of both compounds were separable by reverse phase HPLC but those of the linear compound racemized rapidly under conditions of testing and were therefore tested together. All analogs tested had activities ranging from 6 to 14% of the activity of Leu enkephalin, indicating that the Gly3-Phe4 amide bond is important, though not crucial, for receptor binding. 相似文献
9.
Recent improvements in apparatus permit the examination of circular dichroism (CD) and optical rotatory dispersion (ORD) spectra to 185 mμ. In addition, new solvents which are transparent to 185 mμ have become available for synthetic polypeptides. The spectral region 185–250 mμ is extremely important for the amide (peptide) chromophore, because of the presence at these wavelengths of the n–π* and π–π* bands,1 and of another transition, the assignment of which remains unsettled.2 相似文献
10.
M G Goodman 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》1986,137(12):3753-3757
The current studies were undertaken to explore the regulatory effects of macrophages and their soluble products on B cell activation in defined medium by surface membrane-directed mitogens (anti-Ig, LPS) and by intracellular mitogens (8-mercaptoguanosine, [8MGuo]). Supplementation of macrophage-depleted B cell cultures with adherent cells enhanced the response to anti-Ig but depressed the response to 8MGuo. These changes could be eliminated by adding indomethacin to B cell cultures containing supplemental macrophages. Moreover, they could be reproduced by adding exogenous prostaglandins (PGE1, PGE2) but not other macrophage products to cultured B cells. Prostaglandins regulate B cell function (i.e., immunoglobulin secretion) in the same manner as they do mitogenesis. Thus, the polyclonal response to LPS is enhanced, whereas that to 8MGuo is inhibited. We showed previously that anti-Ig acts on a B cell subpopulation distinct from that stimulated by 8MGuo. Moreover, when addition of prostaglandin is delayed for more than 24 hr, the effect on the anti-Ig response changes from enhancement to inhibition and the effect on 8MGuo is lost, suggesting that in the course of activation the cell progresses through a series of cell cycle-specific regulatory states. Additionally, the mitogenic effects of 8MGuo appear to involve larger, cycling cells more than smaller cells. In concert, these data suggest a model for regulation of the B cell cycle in which prostaglandins, whose secretion is elicited by many surface-directed B cell stimuli, enhance the entry of cells into the cell cycle and subsequently regulate their passage through the cycle. 相似文献