排序方式: 共有19条查询结果,搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
Roseane Borner Jo?o Bento-Torres Diego RV Souza Danyelle B Sadala Nonata Trevia José Augusto Farias Nara Lins Aline Passos Amanda Quintairos José Ant?nio Diniz Victor Hugh Perry Pedro Fernando Vasconcelos Colm Cunningham Cristovam W Pican?o-Diniz 《朊病毒》2011,5(3):215-227
Behavioral and neuropathological changes have been widely investigated in murine prion disease but stereological based unbiased estimates of key neuropathological features have not been carried out. After injections of ME7 infected (ME7) or normal brain homogenates (NBH) into dorsal CA1 of albino Swiss mice and C57BL6, we assessed behavioral changes on hippocampal-dependent tasks. We also estimated by optical fractionator at 15 and 18 weeks post-injections (w.p.i.) the total number of neurons, reactive astrocytes, activated microglia and perineuronal nets (PN) in the polymorphic layer of dentate gyrus (PolDG), CA1 and septum in albino Swiss mice. On average, early behavioral changes in albino Swiss mice start four weeks later than in C57BL6. Cluster and discriminant analysis of behavioral data in albino Swiss mice revealed that four of nine subjects start to change their behavior at 12 w.p.i. and reach terminal stage at 22 w.p.i and the remaining subjects start at 22 w.p.i. and reach terminal stage at 26 w.p.i. Biotinylated dextran-amine BDA-tracer experiments in mossy fiber pathway confirmed axonal degeneration and stereological data showed that early astrocytosis, microgliosis and reduction in the perineuronal nets are independent of a change in the number of neuronal cell bodies. Statistical analysis revealed that the septal region had greater levels of neuroinflammation and extracellular matrix damage than CA1. This stereological and multivariate analysis at early stages of disease in an outbred model of prion disease provided new insights connecting behavioral changes and neuroinflammation and seems to be important to understand the mechanisms of prion disease progression.Key words: prion disease, optical fractionator, neuropathology, behavioral changes, albino Swiss mice 相似文献
2.
3.
4.
Papineni RV O'Connell KM Zhang H Dirksen RT Hamilton SL 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2002,277(51):49167-49174
Apocalmodulin and Ca(2+) calmodulin bind to overlapping sites on the ryanodine receptor skeletal form, RYR1, but have opposite functional effects on channel activity. Suramin, a polysulfonated napthylurea, displaces both forms of calmodulin, leading to an inhibition of activity at low Ca(2+) and an enhancement of activity at high Ca(2+). Calmodulin binding motifs on RYR1 are also able to directly interact with the carboxy-terminal tail of the transverse tubule dihydropyridine receptor (DHPR) (Sencer, S., Papineni, R. V., Halling, D. B., Pate, P., Krol, J., Zhang, J. Z., and Hamilton, S. L. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 38237-38241). Suramin binds directly to a peptide that corresponds to the calmodulin binding site of RYR1 (amino acids 3609-3643) and blocks the interaction of this peptide with both calmodulin and the carboxyl-terminal tail of the DHPR alpha(1)-subunit. Suramin, added to the internal solution of voltage-clamped skeletal myotubes, produces a concentration-dependent increase in the maximal magnitude of voltage-gated Ca(2+) transients without significantly altering L-channel Ca(2+) channel conducting activity. Together, these results suggest that an interaction between the carboxyl-terminal tail of the DHPR alpha(1)-subunit with the calmodulin binding region of RYR1 serves to limit sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) release during excitation-contraction coupling and that suramin-induced potentiation of voltage-gated Ca(2+) release involves a relief of this inhibitory interaction. 相似文献
5.
Ian PG Marshall Dusty RV Berggren Mohammad F Azizian Luke C Burow Lewis Semprini Alfred M Spormann 《The ISME journal》2012,6(4):814-826
We developed a broad-ranging method for identifying key hydrogen-producing and consuming microorganisms through analysis of hydrogenase gene content and expression in complex anaerobic microbial communities. The method is based on a tiling hydrogenase gene oligonucleotide DNA microarray (Hydrogenase Chip), which implements a high number of probes per gene by tiling probe sequences across genes of interest at 1.67 × –2 × coverage. This design favors the avoidance of false positive gene identification in samples of DNA or RNA extracted from complex microbial communities. We applied this technique to interrogate interspecies hydrogen transfer in complex communities in (i) lab-scale reductive dehalogenating microcosms enabling us to delineate key H2-consuming microorganisms, and (ii) hydrogen-generating microbial mats where we found evidence for significant H2 production by cyanobacteria. Independent quantitative PCR analysis on selected hydrogenase genes showed that this Hydrogenase Chip technique is semiquantitative. We also determined that as microbial community complexity increases, specificity must be traded for sensitivity in analyzing data from tiling DNA microarrays. 相似文献
6.
LILIAN JÄRVEKÜLG JÜRI SõBER RIIVO SINIJÄRV INDREK TOOTS MART SAARMA 《The Annals of applied biology》1989,114(2):279-291
Mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for potato virus M (PVM) were prepared and the properties of three of them were studied. MAb M4C1 is IgG2b, it binds with high affinity to PVM coat protein, to purified virus preparations and recognises PVM in infected potato leaves and tubers. MAb M6D5 is IgG2a and also reacts with PVM coat protein, purified PVM and with PVM in potato leaf and tuber extracts. In double-antibody sandwich ELISA (DAS ELISA) MAbs M4C1 and M6D5 reacted with all 17 PVM isolates tested. MAb M7 is IgG2b and recognises PVM only in indirect dot ELISA on nitrocellulose filters and viral coat protein on Western blots. MAbs against PVM were used as capture antibodies and europium-labelled MAbs as conjugates in time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (EuTRFIA). The standard EuTRFIA curve of PVM detection is approximately linear over a range of PVM concentrations from 0.5 ng/ml to 1000 ng/ml. The lowest PVM concentration detectable in EuTRFIA was 0.5 ng/ml and correspondingly 6 ng/ml in DAS ELISA. The use of the europium chelate label allows PVM detection in potato leaf and tuber sap at dilutions greater than 10--4 with very low background fluorescence. EuTRFIA with MAbs, with either one or two incubations is about 10–20 times more sensitive for PVM detection than is DAS ELISA. PVM and PVX, mixed with healthy potato tuber sap, were simultaneously tested in a single sample at concentrations lower than 10 ng/ml by double-label TRFIA using europium-labelled MAbs to PVM and samarium-labelled MAbs to PVX. 相似文献
7.
Ananworanich J Schuetz A Vandergeeten C Sereti I de Souza M Rerknimitr R Dewar R Marovich M van Griensven F Sekaly R Pinyakorn S Phanuphak N Trichavaroj R Rutvisuttinunt W Chomchey N Paris R Peel S Valcour V Maldarelli F Chomont N Michael N Phanuphak P Kim JH;RV/SEARCH Study Group 《PloS one》2012,7(3):e33948
Background
Limited knowledge exists on early HIV events that may inform preventive and therapeutic strategies. This study aims to characterize the earliest immunologic and virologic HIV events following infection and investigates the usage of a novel therapeutic strategy.Methods and Findings
We prospectively screened 24,430 subjects in Bangkok and identified 40 AHI individuals. Thirty Thais were enrolled (8 Fiebig I, 5 Fiebig II, 15 Fiebig III, 2 Fiebig IV) of whom 15 completed 24 weeks of megaHAART (tenofovir/emtricitabine/efavirenz/raltegravir/maraviroc). Sigmoid biopsies were completed in 24/30 at baseline and 13/15 at week 24.At baseline, the median age was 29 years and 83% were MSM. Most were symptomatic (87%), and were infected with R5-tropic (77%) CRF01_AE (70%). Median CD4 was 406 cells/mm3. HIV RNA was 5.5 log10 copies/ml. Median total blood HIV DNA was higher in Fiebig III (550 copy/106 PBMC) vs. Fiebig I (8 copy/106 PBMC) (p = 0.01) while the median %CD4+CCR5+ gut T cells was lower in Fiebig III (19%) vs. Fiebig I (59%) (p = 0.0008).After 24 weeks of megaHAART, HIV RNA levels of <50 copies were achieved in 14/15 in blood and 13/13 in gut. Total blood HIV DNA at week 0 predicted reservoir size at week 24 (p<0.001). Total HIV DNA declined significantly and was undetectable in 3 of 15 in blood and 3 of 7 in gut. Frequency of CD4+CCR5+ gut T cells increased from 41% at baseline to 64% at week 24 (p>0.050); subjects with less than 40% at baseline had a significant increase in CD4+CCR5+ T cells from baseline to week 24 (14% vs. 71%, p = 0.02).Conclusions
Gut T cell depletion and HIV reservoir seeding increases with progression of AHI. MegaHAART was associated with immune restoration and reduced reservoir size. Our findings could inform research on strategies to achieve HIV drug-free remission. 相似文献8.
Current interest in the potential use of pancreatic stem-cells in the treatment of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus has led to increased research into normal pancreatic development. Pancreatic organogenesis involves branching morphogenesis of undifferentiated epithelium within surrounding mesenchyme. Current understanding is that the pancreatic islets develop exclusively from the epithelium of the embryonic buds. However, a cellular contribution to islets by mesenchyme has not been conclusively excluded. We present evidence that the mesenchyme of both the dorsal pancreatic bud and stomach rudiment make a substantial contribution of cells to islets during development in a three-dimensional avian model. These data suggest that mesenchyme can be a source not only of signals but also of cells for the definitive epithelia, making pancreatic organogenesis more akin to that of the kidney than to other endodermal organs. This raises the possibility for the use of mesenchymal cells as stem-or progenitor-cells for islet transplantation.Key Words: islets, stem-cells, development, epithelium, mesenchyme, pancreas, stomach, chick-quail, 3-dimensional, endocrine 相似文献
9.
Victor G. Valcour Serena S. Spudich Napapon Sailasuta Nittaya Phanuphak Sukalaya Lerdlum James L. K. Fletcher Eugene D. M. B. Kroon Linda L. Jagodzinski Isabel E. Allen Collin L. Adams Peeriya Prueksakaew Bonnie M. Slike Joanna M. Hellmuth Jerome H. Kim Jintanat Ananworanich SEARCH /RV Study Group 《PloS one》2015,10(11)
Objective
To compare central nervous system (CNS) outcomes in participants treated during acute HIV infection with standard combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) vs. cART plus integrase inhibitor and CCR5 antagonist (cART+).Design
24-week randomized open-label prospective evaluation.Method
Participants were evaluated then randomized to initiate cART (efavirenz, tenofovir, and either emtricitabine or lamivudine) vs. cART+ (cART plus raltegravir and maraviroc) during acute HIV and re-evaluated at 4, 12 and 24 weeks. We examined plasma and CSF cytokines, HIV RNA levels, neurological and neuropsychological findings, and brain MRS across groups and compared to healthy controls.Results
At baseline, 62 participants were in Fiebig stages I-V. Randomized groups were similar for mean age (27 vs. 25, p = 0.137), gender (each 94% male), plasma log10 HIV RNA (5.4 vs. 5.6, p = 0.382), CSF log10 HIV RNA (2.35 vs. 3.31, p = 0.561), and estimated duration of HIV (18 vs. 17 days, p = 0.546). Randomized arms did not differ at 24 weeks by any CNS outcome. Combining arms, all measures concurrent with antiretroviral treatment improved, for example, neuropsychological testing (mean NPZ-4 of -0.408 vs. 0.245, p<0.001) and inflammatory markers by MRS (e.g. mean frontal white matter (FWM) choline of 2.92 vs. 2.84, p = 0.045) at baseline and week 24, respectively. Plasma neopterin (p<0.001) and interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10) (p = 0.007) remained elevated in participants compared to controls but no statistically significant differences were seen in CSF cytokines compared to controls, despite individual variability among the HIV-infected group.Conclusions
A 24-week course of cART+ improved CNS related outcomes, but was not associated with measurable differences compared to standard cART. 相似文献10.
Sirisha Peddibhotla Zhubo Wei Rao Papineni Micheal H Lam Jeffrey M Rosen Pumin Zhang 《Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.)》2011,10(4):671-679
Chk1 is a critical effector of DNA damage checkpoints necessary for the maintenance of chromosome integrity during cell cycle progression. Here we report, that Chk1 co-localized with the nucleolar marker, fibrillarin in response to radiation-induced DNA damage in human cells. Interestingly, in vitro studies using GST pull down assays identified the dual-specificity serine/threonine nucleolar phosphatase Cdc14B as a Chk1 substrate. Furthermore, Chk1, but not a kinase-dead Chk1 control, was shown to phosphorylate Cdc14B using an in vitro kinase assay. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments using exogenous Cdc14B transfected into human cells confirmed the interaction of Cdc14B and Chk1 during cell cycle. In addition, reduction of Chk1 levels via siRNA or UCN-01 treatment demonstrated that Chk1 activation following DNA damage was required for Cdc14B export from the nucleolus. these studies have revealed a novel interplay between Chk1 kinase and Cdc14B phosphatase involving radiation-induced nucleolar shuttling to facilitate error-free cell cycle progression and prevent genomic instability.Key words: Chk1, nucleoli, DNA damage, Cdc14B, genomic instabiliy, cell cycle 相似文献