Temperature regulation in a burrow-nesting tropical seabird,the Wedge-tailed Shearwater (Puffinus pacificus)

Summary At low air temperatures (2.3–13.9°C), Wedge-tailed Shearwaters (Puffinus pacificus) shivered and their oxygen consumption increased to as much as 283% of the mean value (0.77 ml O₂/g·h) within the thermoneutral zone of air temperature (23–34°C). The minimal thermal conductance of the tissues and plumage was similar to the value predicted from the body mass (320.5 g). The oxygen consumption of the birds within their thermoneutral zone was lower than predictions based on body mass. At elevated air temperatures, the shearwaters panted at respiratory frequencies as high as 260 respirations/min; maximal respiratory frequencies were not invoked until the birds had become hyperthermic. During exposure to a hot environment, the oxygen consumption of the birds increased and in most instances the shearwaters were not able to lose heat equivalent to their concurrent metabolic heat production.Symbols and abbreviations BMR basal metabolic rate - C _total total thermal conductance - f respiratory frequency - TEWL total evaporative water loss - T _st stomach temperature - T _re rectal temperature     

Detergent solubilization of the interleukin 1 receptor

Interleukin 1 (IL 1) receptors were solubilized from membranes prepared from murine EL-4 thymoma cells with the zwitterionic detergent 3[(3-cholamidopropyl) dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS). Binding of IL 1 to the solubilized receptor was detected by a polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation procedure. Concentrations of CHAPS from 4 to 8 mM were effective in solubilizing the IL 1 receptor. At 10 mM CHAPS, there was some loss in binding activity, whereas 2 mM CHAPS was completely ineffective in solubilizing the receptor. Detergent concentrations of 4 mM were routinely used. The solubilized receptor retains the ability to bind 125I-IL 1 in a specific and saturable manner. Scatchard analysis reveals a single type of high affinity binding site having an apparent dissociation constant (KD) of approximately 1.2 X 10(-10) M. Nearly identical KD values are observed for membrane fractions. There are approximately 400 to 500 fmol receptor/mg protein in the detergent extract, corresponding to a two- to threefold enrichment in the Bmax observed for membranes. There is no loss in receptor activity as determined by complete recovery of the total number of binding sites from membranes after solubilization. Binding kinetics show that apparent steady state for the solubilized receptor is reached after 60 min at 37 degrees C. The binding of 125I-IL 1 is essentially irreversible because relatively little bound ligand can be dissociated from the receptor on the addition of excess unlabeled IL 1 at 37 degrees C. Both human IL 1 alpha and IL 1 beta compete for binding of 125I-IL 1 to the soluble receptor, confirming that IL 1 alpha and IL 1 beta bind to the same receptor. Other recombinant proteins, including interferon-alpha A, interferon-gamma, and interleukin 2 have no inhibitory effect.     

Length, breadth, and elongation of avian eggs from the tables of Sch?nwetter

Summary UsingSchönwetter's data base regression equations are derived expressing egg length and egg breadth as a function of egg mass for Passerines (n=3929) and non-Passerines (n=3217). For both groups these show a variation around the mean which is twice as large for length as for breadth. The average elongation (length/breadth) ist presented for 27 orders ranging from 1.61 in Apterygiformes and Gaviiformes to 1.21 in Strigiformes as well as examples of a few families where elongation increases or decreases as egg mass becomes larger. Egg mass can be estimated from the relationship where egg mass=k(LB²). Mean values, SD, and range of k for both groups are given, but for any particular species are best derived from the dimensions of L, B, and egg mass inSchönwetter's tables.

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Länge, Breite und Form der Vogeleier auf der Grundlage der Tabellen vonSchönwetter

Zusammenfassung Regressionsgleichungen für Eilänge und Eibreite als Funktion der Eimasse ergeben für Passeres (3929 Arten) und Non-Passeres (3217 Arten) eine Streuung um den Mittelwert, die für Länge doppelt so hoch wie für die Breite ist. Das Verhältnis Länge: Breite reicht bei 27 Ordnungen von 1.61 bei Apterygiformes und Gaviiformes bis 1.21 bei den Strigiformes. In Beispielen für einzelne Familien steigt oder fällt der Wert mit zunehmender Eimasse. Letztere kann bestimmt werden gemäß k · (L · B²), wobei k eine Konstante darstellt. Mittelwerte, Standardabweichung und Konstante werden für Passeriformes und Non-Passeriformes angegeben, doch für einzelne Arten hält man sich am besten an die Werte beiSchönwetter.

     

Combined use of111In-labeled pentetreotide and three-step immunoscintigraphy with antichromogranin a monoclonal antibody in the diagnosis of pituitary adenomas

For various pituitary adenomas, it has been demonstrated that somatostatin receptor can be present. Pilot studies have shown that radio-indium labeled pentetreotide allows very good scintigraphic localization of somatostatin receptor-bearing cell masses. Recently, the presence of CgA in pituitary adenomas has also been demonstrated. MAb A11, raised against CgA, has been successfully used with a three-step ISG for the diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors. Therefore the combined use of three-step ISG with MAb A11 and radiolabeled somatostatin can be useful in the diagnosis of pituitary adenomas. Twelve patients, 5 secreting (group A) and 7 nonsecreting (group B) pituitary adenomas, were enrolled in the study. All patients underwent three-step ISG, and, 2 wk later, scintigraphy with¹¹¹In-labeled pentetreotide (Octreoscan). Three-step ISG consisted of iv injection of 1 mg of biotinylated MAb A11 (first step), followed by 10 mg of avidin (second step) and [^99mTc]PnAO-biotin (third step). Tomographic imaging were acquired for three-step ISG and Octreoscan at 2 and 4 h after radiotracer injection, respectively. The results are the following: 2 patients of group A (secreting tumors) had a positive three-step ISG, whereas all the patients but one of the same group had a positive pentetreotide study; all the patients of group B (nonsecreting tumors) had a positive three-step ISG and 4 had a positive pentetreotide scintigraphy. These data suggest the utility of the combined use of these techniques for a better diagnosis of pituitary adenomas.     

Dose dependent accretion of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in cardiac membranes of rats fed egg yolk powder enriched in DHA.

We tested the hypothesis that enrichment of the diet with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) enriched egg yolk powder could modify specifically the (n-3) fatty acids content of rat plasma, red blood cells and heart membranes. Dose-dependent effect of DHA was studied in rats supplemented during 4 weeks. Three groups of adult male rats, DHA10, DHA35 and DHA60 (n = 5 each), had their diet supplemented with 10 mg, 35 mg or 60 mg DHA/kg body weight/day, respectively. Fatty acid composition of membranes and plasma lipids were determined. A significant dose-dependent increase in DHA was observed in all three types of samples. Arachidonic acid (AA) levels did not change in heart and red blood cell membranes whereas it increased significantly in plasma with the DHA35 diet. These results contrast with that previously reported for fish oil supplementation where a decrease in AA levels was reported. Hence, DHA enriched egg yolk supplementation leads to a specific accretion of DHA without competition on AA status.     

Effects of specific muscle training on VO2 on-response and early blood lactate

The relationship between half time of the O2 uptake on-response (t1/2 VO2on, seconds) and early blood lactate accumulation (delta Lab, mmol.1(-1) at the onset of submaximal arm and/or leg exercise was the object of a cross-sectional study of sedentary subjects (S,n = 3), and kayakers (K, n = 8), and of a longitudinal study on 11 untrained subjects of specific arm vs. leg training. In supine arm cranking (W = 125 watts) S had an average t1/2 VO2on of 82 s and a delta Aab of 9.2 mmol.1(-1) compared to 47 +/- 7 s and 4 +/- 1.4 mmol.1(-1), respectively, for K. In longitudinal trainees shorter t1/2 VO2on was accompanied by lower Lab for the trained limbs. Specific limb conditioning in swimmers and runners resulted in shorter t1/2 VO2on. A linear relationship was observed between delta Lab and t1/2 VO2on having an intercept on the time axis at congruent to 20 s and a slope proportional to muscle mass. Trained muscles were grouped closest to the intercept indicating local acceleration of the rate of O2 transfer approaching the t1/2 VO2on for isolated perfused muscle at the onset of work. Since t1/2 VO2on, we conclude that factors distal to the capillary are specifically involved in the local training response.     

Rinvenimento del polline di Keteleeria in alcuni depositi quaternari dell'Italia centro-settentrionale

Abstract

THE DISCOVERING OF THE KETELEERIA'S POLLEN-GRAIN IN SOME QUATERNARY DEPOSITS OF THE CENTRAL AND NORTHERN ITALY. — The Author observes the specy of Keteleeria with the pollen analysis executed on deposits of turfys, clays and brown coals of some Umbro-Marchigiano and of the Po Plain localyties.

The Keteleeria to-day is living only in China and Japan; in Italy it was living also during the early and middle Pleistocene.     

Lamin A and the LINC complex act as potential tumor suppressors in Ewing Sarcoma

Lamin A, a main constituent of the nuclear lamina, is involved in mechanosignaling and cell migration through dynamic interactions with the LINC complex, formed by the nuclear envelope proteins SUN1, SUN2 and the nesprins. Here, we investigated lamin A role in Ewing Sarcoma (EWS), an aggressive bone tumor affecting children and young adults. In patients affected by EWS, we found a significant inverse correlation between LMNA gene expression and tumor aggressiveness. Accordingly, in experimental in vitro models, low lamin A expression correlated with enhanced cell migration and invasiveness and, in vivo, with an increased metastatic load. At the molecular level, this condition was linked to altered expression and anchorage of nuclear envelope proteins and increased nuclear retention of YAP/TAZ, a mechanosignaling effector. Conversely, overexpression of lamin A rescued LINC complex organization, thus reducing YAP/TAZ nuclear recruitment and preventing cell invasiveness. These effects were also obtained through modulation of lamin A maturation by a statin-based pharmacological treatment that further elicited a more differentiated phenotype in EWS cells. These results demonstrate that drugs inducing nuclear envelope remodeling could be exploited to improve therapeutic strategies for EWS.Subject terms: Nuclear organization, Cancer