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LOUWRANCE P. WRIGHT BRENDA D. WINGFIELD PEDRO W. CROUS MICHAEL J. WINGFIELD 《Molecular ecology resources》2007,7(2):343-345
Ten polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed for Cylindrocladium pauciramosum, a plant pathogen with a wide host range, which poses a serious problem in South African Eucalyptus nurseries. Polymorphism was evaluated on 43 isolates collected from Colombia and South Africa. Each locus had between three and six alleles. Testing for random mating showed multilocus equilibrium for a population of 40 isolates from a South African forestry nursery. Cross‐species transferability tested for 19 other Cylindrocladium species found amplification only in C. spathulatum, which is phylogenetically closely related to C. pauciramosum. 相似文献
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ANNA C. D. R. BARBOSA THAÍS C. CORRÊA FELIPE GALZERANI PEDRO M. GALETTI TERUMI HATANAKA 《Molecular ecology resources》2006,6(3):936-938
Prochilodus species inhabit the main river systems of South America and usually present commercial value to inland fishing. In the present study, we describe the isolation and characterization of 13 novel microsatellite loci in Prochilodus argenteus. The number of alleles per polymorphic locus varied from four to 22 and the observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.333 to 0.893. Additionally, cross‐species amplification was successful in two other Prochilodus species. These loci will be useful for studies of the population genetic structure in this fish group. 相似文献
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LOUWRANCE P. WRIGHT BRENDA D. WINGFIELD PEDRO W. CROUS TIM BRENNEMAN MICHAEL J. WINGFIELD 《Molecular ecology resources》2006,6(1):110-112
Twelve polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed for Cylindrocladium parasiticum, a plant pathogen with a wide host range and the causal agent of the serious disease of peanuts (Arachis hypogaea) known as cylindrocladium black rot (CBR). Polymorphism was evaluated on 17 isolates from different hosts and regions. Each locus had between two and six alleles. Cross‐species transferability tested for 20 other Cylindrocladium species found amplification only in Cylindrocladium pacificum, which is phylogenetically closely related to C. parasiticum. 相似文献
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We describe seven microsatellite loci, including tetra‐, tri‐ and dinucleotides, isolated from Brycon hilarii, which is a migratory fish inhabiting the Paraguay River basin (Brazil) and is highly valued for its meat quality. Three to eight alleles per locus were detected and the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.31 to 0.81. Positive results were obtained with cross‐amplification in five other species of Brycon. These microsatellites provide a potential tool for wild population and aquaculture studies of B. hilarii and other species of the genus. 相似文献
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Algal biochar: effects and applications 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
MICHAEL I. BIRD CHRISTOPHER M. WURSTER PEDRO H. DE PAULA SILVA NICHOLAS A. PAUL ROCKY DE NYS 《Global Change Biology Bioenergy》2012,4(1):61-69
Algae represent a promising target for the generation of bioenergy through slow pyrolysis, leading to the production of biochar. This study reports experiments conducted on the production of freshwater and saltwater macroalgal biochar in pilot‐scale quantities, the physical and chemical characteristics of the biochars, and their impact on plant growth. The biochars are low in carbon (C) content, surface area and cation exchange capacity, while being high in ash and nutrients. Trace element analysis demonstrates that macroalgal biochar produced from unpolluted water does not contain toxic trace elements in excess of levels mandated for unrestricted use as a biosolids amendment to soils. Pot trials conducted using a C and nutrient‐poor soil, without and with additional fertilizer, demonstrate dramatic increases between 15 and 32 times, respectively, in plant growth rate for biochar treatments compared with the no biochar controls, with additional smaller increases when fertilizer was added. Pot trials conducted using a relatively fertile agricultural soil showed smaller but significant impacts of biochar amendment over the controls. 相似文献
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PABLO A. GARCÍA PARISI CECILIA CASAS PEDRO E. GUNDEL MARINA OMACINI 《Austral ecology》2012,37(5):620-628
Symbiosis between cool‐season grasses and vertically transmitted fungal endophytes are common and significantly impact on ecosystem function. This makes the understanding of the underlying mechanisms to symbiotic individuals frequency in local populations much more interesting. Most studies have been focused on the differential fitness between symbiotic and non‐symbiotic counterparts (relative fitness), barely considering other mechanisms. We performed a microcosms experiment to evaluate whether grazing alters the dynamics of the endophyte Neotyphodium occultans in the annual grass Lolium multiflorum by simultaneously modifying the relative fitness and the endophyte efficiency to be transmitted from host plants to seeds. Grazing was simulated by means of clipping and trampling on symbiotic and non‐symbiotic plants growing separately, in soils obtained from paddocks, differing in their agronomic management history (natural grassland vs. ryegrass promotion). Seed production showed a complex pattern as it depended on the symbiotic status of the plants, the level of grazing and the agro‐ecological context. Grazed plants produced three times fewer seeds than ungrazed plants only in microcosms with endophyte‐symbiotic plants in soils from ryegrass promotion. Endophyte benefits on seed production were exclusively observed in ungrazed plants in the same soil. Symbiotic plants produced symbiotic and non‐symbiotic seeds in all the treatments. While the production of non‐symbiotic seeds by these plants was not affected by grazing and the soil, grazing reduced the production of symbiotic seeds in both contexts. Grazing negative effect on the density of fully infected spikes determined a significant increment in the transmission failures which were not modified by agro‐ecological contexts. Therefore, grazing can modulate symbiosis dynamics through reducing seed production and endophyte transmission efficiency. Transmission has been disregarded, but it is a context‐dependent process that could lead to a gradual reduction in the symbiotic plants frequency in a population if the mutualism effectiveness does not outweigh transmission failures. 相似文献