Detection of the Microtubule Cytoskeleton of the Coccidian Toxoplasma gondii and the Hemoflagellate Leishmania donovani by Monoclonal Antibodies Specific for β-Tubulin1

Seven monoclonal antibodies specific for mammalian β-tubulin demonstrate the microtubule cytoskeleton of Toxoplasma gondii and Leishmania donovani by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. Immunoblots of T. gondii and L. donovani proteins separated by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis confirm the specificity of the monoclonal antibodies for tubulin. Differential staining of flagellar and subpellicular microtubule populations was not seen in L. donovani with these antibodies. All seven antibodies also detected the subpellicular microtubules of T. gondii, but the polar ring and conoid of this organism was not visualized by any of them. This technique provides a rapid and specific way to assess microtubular organization in whole organisms.     

Golden Eagles Aquila chrysaetos: land use and food in northeast Scotland

This paper contrasts changes in breeding numbers and breeding success of Golden Eagles Aquila chrysaetos on four areas with different land uses. On land primarily used for deer stalking but also for grouse shooting, and supporting abundant prey, the number of eagle pairs was steady in 1944-80. On deer land with fewer prey, the number of pairs declined greatly in the 1960s, when deer carrion became scarcer following increased shooting of red deer. On grouse moors incorporating deer stalking, the number of pairs declined in the 1950s due to persecution by gamekeepers, and then largely recovered as this lessened. On grouse moors with little or no stalking, the number of pairs fell after 1946 and remained low due to persecution, which has continued since then. Eagles on grouse moors bred poorly due to persecution. On deer land they were seldom persecuted by estate staff, and bred well. On an area of deer land, the mean annual number of young reared per undisturbed clutch in summer was related to the estimated weight of prey in the spring of the same year. The eagles have remained fairly pesticide-free, and bred well in 1963-65 when more contaminated birds in west Scotland bred poorly.     

血红细胞超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)制备工艺的研究初报

本文报告了本实验室设计的由血红细胞自溶液60℃热变性, 乙醇——氯仿法除血红蛋白,旋转蒸发法减压浓缩抽去氯仿、乙醇,硫酸铵分级盐析法沉降SOD,Sepbadex G-75层析提纯SOD等步骤构成的一条成本低、设计合理、简便实用的分离纯化SOD的工艺路线。     

Heat-resistant Bacteria in Pasteurized Whole Egg

Samples of egg melange taken from an egg packing station contained an average of 7·3 x 10⁴ organisms/ml which survived laboratory pasteurization at 65°C for 3 min. Many of the organisms surviving pasteurization were found to be coryneform bacteria related to Microbacterium lacticum which could be differentiated into several groups. The remainder were a miscellaneous collection of unidentified cocci and coccobacilli and some Bacillus spp. The coryneform bacteria were shown to be the most heat-resistant isolates with negligible loss of viability after 60 min at 65°C, At least two of the representative strains were very heat-resistant, 0·01% surviving 20 and 38 min at 80°C in phosphate buffer at pH 7·1. Growth tests showed that none of the isolates grew at 5°C after 10 d incubation but those capable of growing most rapidly at 10° and 15°C were also the most heat-resistant. Such strains had a doubling time at 15°C of between 6 and 8 h in whole egg. Freezing the coryneform bacteria in liquid whole egg at –18°C had negligible effect on viability or heat-resistance at 65°C.     

Affinity of Ionic Species of Nucleoside Transport Protein Inhibitors

Abstract

A class of very potent nucleoside transport inhibitors is present in two molecular forms around physiological pH. We investigated whether the monoprotonated or the unionized species of these molecules binds to this camer protein with higher affinity.     

THE EFFECTS OF INJURY PREVENTION WARM-UP PROGRAMMES ON KNEE STRENGTH IN MALE SOCCER PLAYERS

The study investigates the effects of the 11+ and HarmoKnee injury prevention programmes on knee strength in male soccer players. Under-21-year-old players (n=36) were divided equally into: the 11+, HarmoKnee and control groups. The programmes were performed for 24 sessions (20-25 min each). The hamstrings and quadriceps strength were measured bilaterally at 60°·s^-1, 180°·s^-1 and 300°·s^-1. The concentric quadriceps peak torque (PT) of the 11+ increased by 27.7% at 300°·s^-1 in the dominant leg (p<0.05). The concentric quadriceps PT of HarmoKnee increased by 36.6%, 36.2% and 28% in the dominant leg, and by 31.3%, 31.7% and 20.05% at 60°·s^-1, 180°·s^-1 and 300°·s^-1 in the non-dominant leg respectively. In the 11+ group the concentric hamstring PT increased by 22%, 21.4% and 22.1% at 60°·s^-1, 180°·s^-1 and 300°·s^-1, respectively in the dominant leg, and by 22.3%, and 15.7% at 60°·s^-1 and 180°·s^-1, in the non-dominant leg. In the HarmoKnee group the hamstrings in the dominant leg showed an increase in PT by 32.5%, 31.3% and 14.3% at 60°·s^-1, 180°·s^-1 and 300°·s^-1, and in the non-dominant leg hamstrings PT increased by 21.1% and 19.3% at 60°·s^-1 and 180°·s^-1 respectively. The concentric hamstrings strength was significantly different between the 11+ and control groups in the dominant (p=0.01) and non-dominant legs (p=0.02). The HarmoKnee programme enhanced the concentric strength of quadriceps. The 11+ and HarmoKnee programmes are useful warm-up protocols for improving concentric hamstring strength in young professional male soccer players. The 11+ programme is more advantageous for its greater concentric hamstring strength improvement compared to the HarmoKnee programme.