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1.
BRYANT SUSAN V.; HOLDER NIGEL; TANK PATRICK W. 《Integrative and comparative biology》1982,22(1):143-151
SYNOPSIS. A current model concerning the process of limb regenerationin vertebrates is examined. According to this model (Bryantet al, 1981), new positional values in the proximal-distal limbaxis are laid down as a result of local interactions betweencells in the limb circumference. Cells with disparate circumferentialpositional values come together at the site of future outgrowthand intercalation between them generates more distal levelsof the pattern. The results of a number of experiments on surgicallycreated symmetrical limb stumps are discussed in relation tothis model. In addition, an extension of this model to accountfor digit formation is presented, and the implications of thisformulation for limb evolution are discussed. 相似文献
2.
We studied the post-juvenile dispersal of 18 radiotagged juvenile Hazel Grouse Bonasa bonasia (14 males, four females) in an expanding population in the southeastern French Alps between 1998 and 2001. The mean dispersal distances between the capture sites of juveniles in September–October and the centre of the home range in the following spring was 4 km for males (range 0.1–24.9 km) and 2 km for females (range 0.2–5.6 km). The distances recorded for two long-dispersing males (15 and 24.9 km) are greater than those reported to date for Hazel Grouse. Using our radiotracking data, we interpret the pattern of range expansion that has been occurring since the 1950s around our study area. Barriers to dispersal included rocky ground and other alpine habitats above 2000 m and over 1 km wide, but Hazel Grouse did cross open agricultural land at lower elevation. Two patterns of dispersal movements were recognized in juveniles: erratic movements that led to settlement on or near the natal site, and direct movements to a new range relatively far from the natal area. We discuss the adaptive consequences of these different behaviour patterns. 相似文献
3.
4.
The Structure of Calf Liver Cytochrome <Emphasis Type="Italic">b</Emphasis><Subscript>5</Subscript> at 2.8 Å Resolution 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
CYTOCHROME b5 is a haem-containing protein in the microsomes of liver tissue. It interacts specifically with a flavo-protein, cytochrome b5 reductase, which catalyses the transfer of electrons from NADH to the haem iron of the cytochrome1. The microsomal cytochrome b5 system has been implicated in fatty acid desaturation reactions2 and a similar system in erythrocytes may catalyse the reduction of methaemoglobin3. Calf liver cytochrome b5, solubilized by pancreatic lipase, has a molecular weight of 11,000 and consists of ninety-three amino-acids in the sequence shown in Fig. 1 (refs. 4 and 5). The haem group is non-covalently bound to the protein and can be removed reversibly by acid acetone treatment6. 相似文献
5.
Regulation of Stable RNA Synthesis in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Escherichia coli</Emphasis> 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
PATRICK P. DENNIS 《Nature: New biology》1971,232(28):43-47
Comparison of gene dosage and the rate of stable RNA synthesis suggests that cytoplasmic elements are involved in its regulation. 相似文献
6.
PHILIPPE GAUCHER PATRICK PAILLAT CLAUDE CHAPPUIS MICHEL SAINT JALME FATEMEH LOTFIKHAH MICHAEL WINK 《Ibis》1996,138(2):273-282
The Houbara Bustard Chlamydotis undulata is a polytypic species with three subspecies classified according size, colour and distribution: C. u. undulata, C. u. fuertaventurae and C. u. macqueenii. A comparative study of the male display behaviour of these three subspecies has shown similarities between C. u. undulata and C. u. fuertaventurae , whereas appreciable differences exist in the visual and auditory aspects of the display between C. u. undulata and C. u. macqueenii. These observations make the current taxonomy of Houbara Bustard questionable, particularly in view of the major importance of the sexual display in bird speciation processes. Furthermore, DNA analysis of the cytochrome b gene indicates the existence of a significant differentiation between the C. u. undulata and C. u. macqueenii populations. These findings indicate the need for a revision of the taxonomy of genus Chlamydotis which should separate the macqueenii and undulata populations at species rank. Until further investigations are completed, C. u. fuertaventurae should be kept as a subspecies of undulata since the courtship display is alike in both populations. 相似文献
7.
A Novel Experimental System for Studies of Photosynthate Transfer in the Developing Wheat Grain 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
WANG H L.; PATRICK J. W.; OFFLER C. E.; WARDLAW I F. 《Journal of experimental botany》1993,44(7):1177-1184
The aim of this study was to develop a valid and convenientexperimental system for exploring photosynthate transfer inthe developing wheat grain. Structural characteristics relatingto photosynthate transfer and the composition of the endospermcavity sap were examined during the linear stage of grain developmentat 25±3 d after anthesis. Based on the results of thesestudies, an experimental system was devised to permit the directmonitoring and manipulation of photosynthate transfer from theendosperm cavity to the storage endosperm. A novel approachwas used whereby insertions were made into the endosperm cavityby a needle at the embryo end and a piece of microcapillarytubing at the stigma end of the detached grain. By this means,the experimental solution was delivered into and flowed longitudinallyunder gravity through the endosperm cavity to exit at the stigmaend. The composition of the experimental solution reflected the principalsolute concentrations and osmolality of the in vivo endospermcavity contents. With the introduction of the solution intothe cavity, it was found that the viability of grain tissueswas maintained for up to 30 h. During a 24 h period both therate of sucrose uptake and subsequent incorporation into ethanolinsolublecomponents were shown to reproduce the rate of starch biosynthesisand in vivo grain growth. Moreover, the experimental systemeffectively reproduced the in vivo pathway of photosynthatetransfer from the endosperm cavity via the modified aleuronecells into the endosperm. As a result, this system providesa new approach to study photosynthate transfer in the developingwheat grain. Key words: Wheat grain, endosperm cavity, experimental system, photosynthate transport 相似文献
8.
The effects of acidic fog on productivity of celery and lettuce were examined using a portable fogging apparatus to expose field plots to simulated fog episodes. Acidic solutions were formulated to simulate fog reported for southern California. Celery (Apium graveolens var. dulec cv. Bishop) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa cv. Mesa 659) were exposed in separate experiments once or twice each week during crop growth and maturation to 1 - to 2-h of fog at specific acidity levels between pH 1.6 and 3.8. Necrosis occurred as small, irregularly shaped white (celery) or brown (lettuce) lesions on the most exposed portions of the plants. Fog necrosis sufficient to reduce marketability of celery was evident after single exposures at pH 2.4. Although injury occurred on wrapper leaves of lettuce at acidity levels as high as pH 3.4, marketability was reduced from foliar necrosis only after exposure to acidity levels of pH 2.6 or lower. Repeated exposure of lettuce to acidity below pH 2.0 was necessary to reduce yield. The field experiments demonstrated that acidic fog influenced natural incidence of disease. At low pH fog exposure, celery had increased occurrence of basal stalk rot and lettuce exhibited increased bacterial soft rot. Indirect effects of acidic fog on host-pathogen relationships and subsequent crop marketability may be more important than the direct effects of acidic fog exposure on plant tissue. 相似文献
9.
PATRICK DENNY JON HARMAN JERKER ABRAHAMSSON IAN BRYCESON 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1978,10(1):29-48
This publication reports on the chemical and phytoplankton aspects of a three month biological survey of Nyumba ya Mungu reservoir, Tanzania.
The lake had a total salt concentration of about 8 meq dm-3 and specific conductivity of 900 μS cm-1 . The main salt in solution was sodium bicarbonate, and when the lake level fell it sometimes formed a crust on the exposed shore. The concentrations of major nutrient ions were probably not limiting to algal growth and good nutrient replenishment was provided by the two inflow rivers.
Nyumba ya Mungu supports a rich phytoplanton dominated by Melosira and blue-green algae. Acetone extractions gave chlorophyll 'a' concentrations ranging from 20–40 mgm-3 in the vertical profiles, and light and dark bottle experiments indicated a maximum gross photosynthesis of about 800 mg O2 m-3 h-1 . There was evidence of chemical stratification in the open water and diurnal stratification in the sheltered bays, but discontinuities were short-lived and the Trade Winds ensured regular mixing of the water. The lake appeared to have a higher primary production than the larger Rift Valley lakes and it was considered that this level of production would continue. 相似文献
The lake had a total salt concentration of about 8 meq dm
Nyumba ya Mungu supports a rich phytoplanton dominated by Melosira and blue-green algae. Acetone extractions gave chlorophyll 'a' concentrations ranging from 20–40 mgm
10.