杉梢小卷蛾新种记述(鳞翅目:卷蛾科)

近年来由于杉梢小卷蛾在福建、江西、浙江、江苏、湖南、湖北、安徽、广东、广西等省(区)的为害,严重地影响了杉木的成长。现经研究鉴定为一新种,属鳞翅目、卷蛾科(Tortricidae)、小卷蛾亚科(Olethreutinae)、新小卷蛾族(Olethreutini)、Polychrosis属,订名为 Polychrosis cunninghamiacola。     

Evidence for spicule homology in calcareous and siliceous sponges: biminerallic spicules in Lenica sp. from the Early Cambrian of South China

Botting, J.P., Muir, L.A., Xiao, S., Li, X. & Lin, J.‐P. 2012: Evidence for spicule homology in calcareous and siliceous sponges: biminerallic spicules in Lenica sp. from the Early Cambrian of South China. Lethaia, Vol. 45, pp. 463–475. The relationships of the extant sponge classes, and the nature of the last common ancestor of all sponges, are currently unclear. Early sponges preserved in the fossil record differ greatly from extant taxa, and therefore information from the fossil record is critical for testing hypotheses of sponge phylogenetic relationships that are based on modern taxa. New specimens of the enigmatic sponge Lenica sp., from the Early Cambrian Hetang Biota of South China, exhibit an unusual spicule structure. Each spicule consists of a siliceous core with an axial canal, an organic outer layer and a middle layer interpreted to have been originally calcium carbonate. This finding confirms previous work suggesting the existence of biminerallic spicules in early sponges. Combined with data from other early sponges, the new findings imply that the two fundamental spicule structures of modern sponges were derived from a compound, biminerallic precursor. Spicules are therefore homologous structures in Calcarea and Silicea, and if sponges are paraphyletic with respect to Eumetazoa, then spicules may also have been a primitive feature of Metazoa. □Calcarea, Early Cambrian, Hetang Biota, phylogeny, Silicea, taphonomy.     

Reassessment of the mode of life of Pagetia Walcott, 1916 (Trilobita: Eodiscidae) based on a cluster of intact exuviae from the Kaili Formation (Cambrian) of Guizhou, China

Pagetia is the most abundant trilobite in the Kaili Formation (lower to middle Cambrian). During the course of studying the museum collections of Kaili trilobites ( n  > 1000), a cluster containing 22 pagetiid individuals at various growth stages is noted. Specimens record the growth range from the degree 0 meraspid to late holaspid phases. Based on the relative completeness of the moults except for missing free cheeks, these specimens are interpreted as intact exuviae that had undergone minimal transport prior to burial. If Kaili pagetiids had pelagic or planktonic living habits as previously suggested, it would be difficult to explain the presence of intact exuviae in clusters. Therefore, Kaili pagetiids are interpreted here as having a benthic mode of life after the onset of the meraspid phase.     

带岭林区几种卷叶蛾的调查研究

1962年作者等在黑龙江省带岭林区收集到许多种幼虫期卷叶为害的蛾类,同时对其中一些比较普遍的种类进行了简单生活习性的观察。它们之中所包括的分类范围很广,分别隶属于小蛾类许多不同的科。本文仅就其中属于卷蛾科(Tortricidae)的8个种类的形态、生活习性、寄主植物和地理分布作一简单报道。其中有5种在我国是新纪录。 这8种是:     

家蝇的卵子发生的研究——Ⅰ.家蝇卵子发生过程

叙述了家蝇的卵子发生过程:根据卵室的形状与大小,卵室内卵母细胞的体积与营养细胞的比例,营养细胞核的变化,滤泡细胞的分化,边缘细胞的形成及卵壳形成等标准,将卵子发生分为了十一阶段,第一阶段在卵原区内,称为卵原囊,第二阶段为卵室形成,第三至第五阶段,卵室圆形,主要根据营养细胞核内染色体的形状划分,第六阶段卵室成椭圆形,并开始迅速生长;第七阶段卵母细胞占卵室四分之一,边缘细胞于此时发生。第八阶段卵母细胞占卵室三分之一,在营养细胞上的滤泡细胞开始退化至消失,营养细胞核出现灯刷染色体,第九阶段卵母细胞占卵室二分之一:第十阶段占四分之三,卵壳分泌形成,营养细胞开始退化。第十一阶段,营养细胞及滤泡细胞全部退化消失,形成卵。 描述了卵母细胞、营养细胞与核,滤泡细胞在发育各阶段中的变化,并讨论了其意义。     

The cuticle of the enigmatic arthropod Phytophilaspis and biomineralization in Cambrian arthropods

Lin, J.‐P., Ivantsov, A.Y. & Briggs, D.E.G. 2011: The cuticle of the enigmatic arthropod Phytophilaspis and biomineralization in Cambrian arthropods. Lethaia, Vol. 44, pp. 344–349. Many non‐trilobite arthropods occur in Cambrian Burgess Shale‐type (BST) biotas, but most of these are preserved in fine‐grained siliciclastics. Only one important occurrence of Cambrian non‐trilobite arthropods, the Sinsk biota (lower Sinsk Formation, Botomian) from the Siberian Platform, has been discovered in carbonates. The chemical compositions of samples of the enigmatic arthropod Phytophilaspis pergamena Ivantsov, 1999 and the co‐occurring trilobite Jakutus primigenius Ivantsov in Ponomarenko, 2005 from this deposit were analysed. The cuticle of P. pergamena is composed of mainly calcium phosphate and differs from the cuticle of J. primigenius, which contains only calcium carbonate. Phosphatized cuticles are rare among large Cambrian arthropods, except for aglaspidids and a few trilobites. Based on recent phylogenetic studies, phosphatization of arthropod cuticle is likely to have evolved several times. □arthropod cuticle, Burgess Shale‐type preservation, fossil‐diagenesis, phosphatization.