Purification and characteristics of alkaline proteinase from alkalophylic Bacillus sp.]

Alkaline protease was purified from Bacillus sp. isolated from soil. The pH optimum was 11.5 at 37 degrees C. Calcium divalent cation was effective to stabilize the enzyme especially at higher temperatures. The proteolytic activity was inhibited by active site inhibitors of PMSF (Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride), and ions of Mg, Mn, Pb, Li, Zn, Ag, Hg. The enzyme was stable in the presence of some detergents, such as Triton-X-100, Tween-80, SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate) and EDTA (ethylendiaminetetraacetic acid), pH 11.5 and 37 degrees C for 30 min. The optimum pH was 11.5 at 37 degrees C and the optimum temperature was 62 degrees C at pH 11.5.     

Purification and Characterization of Alkaline Proteinase from AlkalophilicBacillussp.

Alkaline proteinase was purified from Bacillussp. isolated from soil. The pH optimum was 11.5 at 37°C. Calcium divalent cation was effective in stabilizing the enzyme, especially at higher temperatures. The proteolytic activity was inhibited by the specific serine proteinase inhibitor PMSF (phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride), and ions of Mg, Mn, Pb, Li, Zn, Ag, and Hg. The enzyme was stable in the presence of detergents, such as Triton-X100, Tween-80, SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate), and EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), at pH 11.5 and 37°C for 30 min. The optimum pH was 11.5 at 37°C, and the optimum temperature was 62°C at pH 11.5.     

An examination on composition of spermatozoa obtained from pre-operative and post-operative varicocele patients

Varicocele is one of the main and surgically repairable causes of male infertility, which arises from dilatation and torsion of the testicular veins in the plexus pampiniformis. In this study, we examined semen samples from 40 patients diagnosed with varicocele between the ages of 15 and 30 years, according to WHO criteria (pre-operatively, and at 3, 6, and 12 months post-operatively). The mean spermatozoa concentration was found to be 45.25?±?34.83 million/ml pre-operatively, while the mean post-operative concentration was 48.85?±?35.73 million/ml at three months, 51.72?±?32.82 million/ml at six months, and 49.63?±?28.05 million/ml at 12 months (P?>?0.05). The mean rate of A?+?B motile spermatozoa was 35.5?±?14.71% pre-operatively, 42.65?±?16.80% at three months, 43?±?13.52%at six months and 44?±?14.76 percent at 12 months post-operatively (P?<?0.05). The mean Kruger morphology score was 3.15?±?3.0% pre-operatively, and 3.20?±?2.83% at three months, 2.97?±?2.61%at six months and 3.27?±?2.50%at 12 months post-operatively (P?>?0.05). The nucleus, acrosomal cap, mitochondrial structure and microtubules of the tail of the spermatozoa were examined under electron microscopy. The mean DNA fragmentation index (DFI%) of the spermatozoa was 20.57?±?4.60% pre-operatively, and post-operatively at 17.27?±?3.65% at three months, 15.5?±?3.23% at six months and 15.3?±?3.63% at 12 months (P?<?0.001).The findings suggest that despite the increased count and motility, as well as the improved DNA fractures observed post-operatively in the spermatozoa of varicocele patients, the morphology rates remain intact.