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1.
Treatment of patients diagnosed as schizophrenic with antipsychotic drugs (neuroleptics) is known to cause occasional unexplained depletion of white blood cells, especially neutrophil granulocytes. It has been known for many years that neuroleptics can interfere with the mitochondrial respiratory chain in vitro. Because there has been a growing interest recently in mitochondrial targeting of drugs, and since a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model that predicts mitochondrial accumulation of neuroleptics has been published, we investigated the effects of neuroleptics on white blood cell mitochondria. Venous blood samples were collected from both patients undergoing treatment with neuroleptics and healthy volunteers. The samples were processed for transmission electron microscopy. The resulting images of white blood cells were analyzed using stereology to compare quantitatively mitochondrial morphology in the patient and control groups. We found that in patients, but not in controls, there was swelling of mitochondria and fragmentation of the mitochondrial cristae. There also were fewer mitochondria in patients than in controls, although due to the swelling of the organelles, the volume density of mitochondria in the two groups was not significantly different. Such changes are typical of a toxic insult. Consequently, it seems plausible that, since schizophrenia is not a disease considered to affect white blood cells per se, these changes probably are due to the medication. 相似文献
2.
Massányi P Bárdos L Oppel K Hluchý S Kovácik J Csicsai G Toman R 《Acta physiologica Hungarica》1999,86(2):99-104
Cadmium was administered to 32 adult ICR mice i.p. in two single doses (0.25 and 0.5 mg CdCl2, per kg of b.w.). After 48 hours concentrations of cadmium in kidneys, liver, spleen, muscle (m. quadriceps femoris), ovaries and testes and the concentration of retinyl palmitate, retinol and beta-carotene in kidney, liver and testes were determined. Significantly higher cadmium concentration was found in liver, kidney and ovary in both experimental groups in comparison with the control group (p<0.001). In muscle, spleen and testis the cadmium level was higher, however not significantly. No significant differences in the concentration of retinyl palmitate, retinol and alpha-carotene in liver were found. Concentration of alpha-carotene in kidney and testis was significantly decreased in both groups administered with cadmium (p<0.001). Concentration of retinyl palmitate was significantly lower in testis in the group with higher cadmium level (p<0.001) and the concentration of retinol significantly decreased in kidney and testis of mice after an administration of 0.5 mg CdCl2/kg b.w. 相似文献
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Steffen Oppel Deborah J. Pain Jeremy A. Lindsell Lars Lachmann Ibrahima Diop Cosima Tegetmeyer Paul F. Donald Guy Anderson Christopher G. R. Bowden Franziska Tanneberger Martin Flade 《Journal of avian biology》2011,42(4):342-354
Stable isotope analysis of feathers can be useful in the study of seasonal interactions and migratory connectivity in birds. For the Palaearctic–African migration system, however, the lack of isotope data from feathers of known origin in Africa renders the geographic assignment of birds captured on European breeding grounds to potential wintering areas problematic. Rectrices of the threatened aquatic warbler Acrocephalus paludicola grown in Africa were sampled across six European countries to assess whether birds in different breeding populations shared similar isotopic signatures and so were likely to have wintered in the same region in Africa. Freshly grown feathers of aquatic warblers collected at the only known wintering site in Senegal showed high variation in carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen isotope ratios. Due to similarly high variation in isotope ratios of African‐grown feathers within all breeding populations, it was not possible to determine whether different populations wintered in different regions. However, isotope signatures of 20% of birds captured on European breeding grounds fell outside the range of those captured in Senegal, suggesting a wider wintering distribution than is currently known. We therefore assessed whether the origin of these feathers could be estimated by trying to establish isotopic gradients across sub‐Saharan West Africa. Feathers of three ecologically similar surrogate species were sampled from wetlands across a 3000 km east‐west and a 2000 km north–south transect. Within‐site variation in feather isotope ratios was frequently larger than the difference predicted by gradients across West Africa. Thus, predicting the origin of individual feathers using single‐isotope gradients was not reliable. The large within‐site variability of feather isotope ratios of a habitat specialist species like the aquatic warbler indicates that using feather isotope ratios will require large sample sizes from many locations, and may thus not be an efficient tool in identifying wintering areas of Palaearctic–African migrants. 相似文献
5.
Treatment of patients diagnosed as schizophrenic with antipsychotic drugs (neuroleptics) is known to cause occasional unexplained depletion of white blood cells, especially neutrophil granulocytes. It has been known for many years that neuroleptics can interfere with the mitochondrial respiratory chain in vitro. Because there has been a growing interest recently in mitochondrial targeting of drugs, and since a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model that predicts mitochondrial accumulation of neuroleptics has been published, we investigated the effects of neuroleptics on white blood cell mitochondria. Venous blood samples were collected from both patients undergoing treatment with neuroleptics and healthy volunteers. The samples were processed for transmission electron microscopy. The resulting images of white blood cells were analyzed using stereology to compare quantitatively mitochondrial morphology in the patient and control groups. We found that in patients, but not in controls, there was swelling of mitochondria and fragmentation of the mitochondrial cristae. There also were fewer mitochondria in patients than in controls, although due to the swelling of the organelles, the volume density of mitochondria in the two groups was not significantly different. Such changes are typical of a toxic insult. Consequently, it seems plausible that, since schizophrenia is not a disease considered to affect white blood cells per se, these changes probably are due to the medication. 相似文献
6.
S.P. NG Z.G. LI B.W. CHEN Z.K. QIN M.M. GARCIA S.W.K. IM M.H. NG 《Journal of Rapid Methods and Automation in Microbiology》1997,5(4):285-294
We previously described an enrichment-immunoassay utilizing a T6 monoclonal antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Here we evaluated it for the rapid screening for Salmonella in fishmeal obtained from the national Animal and Plant Quarantine service in the People's Republic of China. In this method, the number of Salmonella present is first expanded by appropriate enrichment cultures, and the pathogens are then directly detected by the T6 immunoassay. In a total of 94 enrichment cultures of fishmeal, we obtained an overall concordance of 98% between the results obtained in parallel by this method and by conventional test method. The positive prediction by this method was 92% and the negative prediction was 100%. The turn around time for the new test was 27 h which is a significant improvement from the turn around time exceeding 96 h required for the conventional test method. This test proved to be compatible with the routine work flow in the practical setting of a quarantine laboratory. 相似文献
7.
Eveline C van Asbeck Andy IM Hoepelman Jelle Scharringa Bjorn L Herpers Jan Verhoef 《BMC microbiology》2008,8(1):229
Background
Mannose binding lectin (MBL) is an important host defence protein against opportunistic fungal pathogens. This carbohydrate-binding protein, an opsonin and lectin pathway activator, binds through multiple lectin domains to the repeating sugar arrays displayed on the surface of a wide range of clinically relevant microbial species. We investigated the contribution of MBL to antifungal innate immunity towards C. parapsilosis in vitro. 相似文献8.
The evaluation of habitats used by arctic birds on migration is crucial for their conservation. We explored the importance
of the eastern Chukchi Sea (ECS) as a staging area for king eiders (Somateria spectabilis) migrating between breeding areas in Siberia and western North America and wintering areas in the Bering Sea. We tracked
190 king eiders with satellite transmitters between 1997 and 2007. In late summer, 74% of satellite-tracked king eiders migrating
south staged in the ECS for 13 ± 13 (SD) days between late June and early November. During spring migration, king eiders staged
in the ECS between mid-April and early June for 21 ± 10 days. All instrumented birds migrating to breeding grounds in western
North America (n = 62), and 6 of 11 males migrating to breeding grounds in Siberia, used this area for at least 1 week during spring migration.
The importance of this staging area renders it possible that industrial development could adversely affect king eider populations
in both Siberia and North America. 相似文献
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The idea of immunological surveillance against cancer has existed for nearly 100 years but as no conclusive evidence has yet
been published the importance of the cellular immune defense in the detection and removal of incipient or existing tumors
is still a hotly debated subject. However, in order to select a relevant immunotherapeutic strategy in the treatment of cancer,
a fundamental understanding of the basic immunologic conditions under which a tumor develops and exists is a prerequisite.
Therefore, a murine model was set up that we hoped would enable us to confirm or reject the theory of immunological surveillance.
A large panel of methylcholanthrene induced tumors was established in T-cell immunodeficient nude mice and congenic normal
mice to study the influence of the immune system on developing tumors. As nude mice developed tumors fastest and with the
highest incidence, we concluded that in this model the immune system constituted a ‘tumor-suppressive factor’ delaying and
sometimes abrogating tumor growth, i.e. performing immune surveillance. Immunogenicity of the tumors was assessed by transplantation
back to normal histocompatible mice. Tumors originating from the immunodeficient nude mice turned out to be far more immunogenic
than tumors from normal mice, resulting in a high rejection rate. CD8+cytotoxic T cells were found to be indispensable for
this rejection, leading to the conclusion that the cytotoxic T cells perform immune selection in normal mice, eliminating
immunogenic tumor cell variants in the incipient tumor.
In this review, we discuss the difficulties facing immunotherapy when conclusions are drawn from the presented observations
and hypotheses. 相似文献