The development of vaccines against malaria and serodiagnostic tests for detecting recent exposure requires tools for antigen discovery and suitable animal models. The protein microarray is a high‐throughput, sample sparing technique, with applications in infectious disease research, clinical diagnostics, epidemiology, and vaccine development. We recently demonstrated Qdot‐based indirect immunofluorescence together with portable optical imager ArrayCAM using single isotype detection could replicate data using the conventional laser confocal scanner system. We developed a multiplexing protocol for simultaneous detection of IgG, IgA, and IgM and compared samples from a controlled human malaria infection model with those from controlled malaria infections of Aotus nancymaae, a widely used non‐human primate model of human malaria. IgG profiles showed the highest concordance in number of reactive antigens; thus, of the 139 antigens recognized by human IgG antibody, 111 were also recognized by Aotus monkeys. Interestingly, IgA profiles were largely non‐overlapping. Finally, on the path toward wider deployment of the portable platform, we show excellent correlations between array data obtained in five independent laboratories around the United States using the multiplexing protocol (R2: 0.60–0.92). This study supports the use of this platform for wider deployment, particularly in endemic areas where such a tool will have the greatest impact on global human health. 相似文献
Soilborne pathogens such as cereal cyst nematode (CCN; Heterodera avenae) and root lesion nematode (Pratylenchus neglectus; PN) cause substantial yield losses in the major cereal-growing regions of the world. Incorporating resistance into wheat cultivars and breeding lines is considered the most cost-effective control measure for reducing nematode populations. To identify loci with molecular markers linked to genes conferring resistance to these pathogens, we employed a genome-wide association approach in which 332 synthetic hexaploid wheat lines previously screened for resistance to CCN and PN were genotyped with 660 Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) markers. Two sequence-tagged site markers reportedly linked to genes known to confer resistance to CCN were also included in the analysis. Using the mixed linear model corrected for population structure and familial relatedness (Q+K matrices), we were able to confirm previously reported quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance to CCN and PN in bi-parental crosses. In addition, we identified other significant markers located in chromosome regions where no CCN and PN resistance genes have been reported. Seventeen DArT marker loci were found to be significantly associated with CCN and twelve to PN resistance. The novel QTL on chromosomes 1D, 4D, 5B, 5D and 7D for resistance to CCN and 4A, 5B and 7B for resistance to PN are suggested to represent new sources of genes which could be deployed in further wheat improvement against these two important root diseases of wheat. 相似文献
Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), which is present in most bacteria and eukaryotes’ mitochondria, plays an important role in amino acid metabolism. In g 相似文献
A hybrid plasmonic-dielectric metasurface is proposed in order to manipulate beam propagation in desired manners. The metasurface is composed of patterned hybrid graphene-silicon nano-disks deposited on a low-index substrate, namely silica. It is shown that the proposed hybrid metasurface simultaneously benefits from the advantages of graphene-based metasurfaces and dielectric ones. Specially, we show that the proposed hybrid metasurface not only provides reconfigurability, just like previously proposed graphene-based metasurfaces, but also similar to dielectric metasurfaces, is of low loss and CMOS-compatible. Such exceptional features give the metasurface exceptional potentials to realize high efficient optical components. To demonstrate the latter point, focusing and anomalous reflection are performed making use of the proposed hybrid structure as examples of two well-known optical functionalities. This work opens up a new route in realization of reconfigurable meta-devices with widely real-world applications which cannot be achieved with their passive counterparts.
Molecular Biology Reports - Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are widely employed as invaluable therapeutics for a vast number of human disorders. Several approaches have been introduced for the... 相似文献
AbstractA classical question in systems biology is to find a Boolean model which is able to predict the observed responses of a signaling network. It has been previously shown that such models can be tailored based on experimental data. While fitting a minimum-size network to the experimentally observed data is a natural assumption, it can potentially result in a network which is not so robust against the noises in the training dataset. Indeed, it is widely accepted now that biological systems are generally evolved to be very robust. Therefore, in the present work, we extended the classical formulation of Boolean network construction in order to put weight on the robustness of the created network. We show that our method results generally in more relevant networks. Consequently, considering robustness as a design principle of biological networks can result in more realistic models. 相似文献
As an enzyme acting at the junction of gluconeogenic pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) controls substrate flow from Krebs cycle toward glucose production. Therefore, it would be advantageous to design effective inhibitors to inactivate PEPCK in diabetes mellitus and other abnormalities caused by insulin resistance. Such inhibitors may compensate the metabolic consequences of ex-activity of PEPCK at these conditions. Understanding the mechanism by which inhibitors exert their effect on enzyme activity is of great interest for designing stronger inhibitors. In the present work, molecular dynamic simulations were used to study enzyme-inhibitor interactions. Our results indicate that inhibitors of PEPCK with their short chains interact with enzyme active site through non-covalent interactions of electrostatic and hydrogen bond nature. The data also show that inhibitors neither reach a stable state in their binding site nor make static complex with the enzyme active site. Instead, they interact with functional groups of active site residues in a dynamic fashion. In this way, oxalate and sulfoacetate carrying two negative groups of higher charge density and optimum spacing from each other, show more dynamic behavior (lower stability in their binding site) and more inhibitory effects than other inhibitors used (phosphonoformate, phosphoglycolate and 3-phosphonopropionate). 相似文献
Biological Trace Element Research - In low-income and middle-income countries such as Iran, smoking is becoming increasingly popular, especially among young people. This has led to additional... 相似文献