现代罗布人群线粒体DNA D-loop区序列多态性研究

目的：研究新疆尉犁县的现代罗布人群线粒体DNAD-loop区序列遗传多态性,并初步探讨现代罗布人群和其他人群的亲缘关系。方法：应用PER扩增直接测序法,对23个所测定的个体序列采用ClustalX、Mega3．1、hrlequin等软件包进行分析。结果：23个个体中,共检测到47个变异位点,界定了22种不同的单倍型,计算出偶合概率P值为0．05482,变异度h值为0．99604。结论：现代罗布人与中亚各民族的亲缘关系很近,尤其是与新疆维吾尔族有很近的亲缘关系。     

普氏野马线粒体DNA D-loop区序列多态性研究

目的:了解中国新疆吉木萨尔野马繁殖中心的普氏野马(Equus przewalskii)遗传多样性及其遗传背景.方法:采用PCR产物直接测序法,对15匹普氏野马线粒体DNA D-loop高变区进行测序分析.结果:测定15个个体的线粒体DNA D-loop高变区15464～15866片段序列402bp.检测到12种单倍型,包括37个多态位点,占全部序列的9.2%,其中转换位点24个、颠换位点20个、转换位点和颠换并存位点8个、缺失位点3个.A%+T%含量(56.1%)高于G%+C%含量(43.9%),平均A含量为28.4%,T含量为27.7%,C含量为29%,G含为14.9%.单倍型间平均遗传距离为0.030,单倍型多态性(h)为1±0.00116,核苷酸多态性(π)为2.90%.15匹普氏野马线粒体DNA D-loop高变区之间平均核苷酸变异率为2.48%.结论:研究表明我国新疆吉木萨尔野马繁殖中心的普氏野马线粒体DNA D-loop区序列存在丰富的多态性.     

哈萨克族成人腰稚间盘高度的放射学测量及其临床意义

目的：为人工椎间盘的设计提供形态学依据。方法：对56例哈萨克族成人腰椎（L）间盘高度进行放射学测量。结果：56例哈萨克族L1-2椎间盘高度男女性之间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,L3-5椎间盘高度男、女性之间差异有统计学意L（P〈0．005-0．001）;哈萨克族与汉族腰椎间盘高度之间差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．005）。结论：哈萨克族腰椎间盘高度均大于汉族,临床上可通过对腰椎间盘间高度的测量,为人工椎间盘假体设计提供参数．     

Maternal Obesity in Sheep Increases Fatty Acid Synthesis,Upregulates Nutrient Transporters,and Increases Adiposity in Adult Male Offspring after a Feeding Challenge

Maternal obesity in women is increasing worldwide. The objective of this study was to evaluate differences in adipose tissue metabolism and function in adult male offspring from obese and control fed mothers subjected to an ad libitum feeding challenge. We developed a model in which obese ewes were fed 150% of feed provided for controls from 60 days before mating to term. All ewes were fed to requirements during lactation. After weaning, F1 male offspring were fed only to maintenance requirements until adulthood (control = 7, obese = 6), when they were fed ad libitum for 12 weeks with intake monitored. At the end of the feeding challenge offspring were given an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT), necropsied, and adipose tissue collected. During the feeding trial F1obese males consumed more (P < 0.01), gained more weight (P < 0.01) and became heavier (P < 0.05) than F1control males. During IVGTT, Obese F1 offspring were hyperglycemic and hypoinsulinemic (P < 0.01) compared to F1 control F1. At necropsy perirenal and omental adipose depots weights were 47% and 58% greater respectively and subcutaneous fat thickness 41% greater in F1obese vs F1control males (P < 0.05). Adipocyte diameters were greater (P ≤ 0.04) in perirenal, omental and subcutaneous adipose depots in F1obese males (11, 8 and 7% increase vs. control, respectively). When adipose tissue was incubated for 2 hrs with C-14 labeled acetate, subcutaneous, perirenal, and omental adipose tissue of F1 obese males exhibited greater incorporation (290, 83, and 90% increase vs. control, respectively P < 0.05) of acetate into lipids. Expression of fatty acid transporting, binding, and syntheses mRNA and protein was increased (P < 0.05) compared to F1 control offspring. Maternal obesity increased appetite and adiposity associated with increased adipocyte diameters and increased fatty acid synthesis in over-nourished adult male offspring.     

银杏叶制剂对致痛大鼠脑内β-内啡肽表达的影响

目的:研究β-内啡肽指标在脑内的表达变化,观察银杏叶制剂对致痛大鼠脑内β-内啡肽的影响。方法:取SD雌性大鼠50只,随机分为5组,模型组、药物对照组、给药组(高、中、低)三个剂量组。药物对照组给予生理盐水10天,给药组给与高中低三个剂量组的银杏叶的混悬液,每天给药两次,给药10天后,在大鼠的右脚掌给与5%的福尔马林150μl刺激,1小时后将大鼠处死,取海马和下丘脑做连续切片后,采用HE染色,在光镜下进行定位,用β-内啡肽做免疫组化染色,对照图谱在显微镜下观察β-内啡肽在海马区及下丘脑的阳性细胞数。结果:高、中剂量给药组中下丘脑室旁核、室周核、弓状核内β-内啡肽表达增加(P<0.05)。海马的CA1CA2、CA3区β-内啡肽的表达增加主要在高、中剂量组(P<0.05),低剂量组无差异。结论:大鼠给予银杏叶片制剂后,炎性致痛大鼠海马区及下丘脑区的β-内啡肽表达发生了变化,揭示银杏叶片在疼痛大鼠的中枢神经系统对β-内啡肽有一定的影响作用;提示银杏叶镇痛的有一定的中枢机制。     

小剂量罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼硬膜外麻醉对高龄产妇分娩镇痛效果评估

目的:评估小剂量罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼硬膜外麻醉对高龄产妇分娩镇痛效果。方法:选取我院2019年1月-2020年12月共收治的80例高龄无痛分娩产妇作为研究对象,对照组产妇应用罗哌卡因进行硬膜外麻醉;观察组产妇应用小剂量罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼硬膜外麻醉,对比两组镇痛效果、VAS评分、Bromage评分、自控镇痛追加次数、产程时间、24 h的新生儿窒息情况与24 h泌乳量评分情况。结果:观察组镇痛效果明显优于对照组(P<0.05);观察组产妇的VAS评分在三个产程时间内评分明较对照组低(P<0.05);观察组产妇第一产程和第二产程的Bromage评分略低于对照组,但对比差异不显著(P>0.05),第三产程观察组的Bromage评分明显较对照组低;观察组产妇的自控镇痛追加次数较对照组低(P<0.05);观察组的第一产程和第二产程时间明显低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组产妇产后24 h泌乳量评分优于对照组(P<0.05);观察组新生儿窒息比例略低于对照组,但是并无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:对高龄产妇分娩应用小剂量罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼硬膜外麻醉镇痛效果显著,镇痛追加药剂量少,产程时间短,安全有效,有利于产妇产后分泌母乳,值得临床应用推广。     

现代罗布人mtDNA 9bp序列缺失频率与DYS287位点多态性研究

目的:研究现代罗布人线粒体DNA 9bp序列缺失频率与Y染色体DYS287位点多态性.方法:分别采用PCR扩增直接测序法和PCR结合琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测法对不同位点的多态性进行分析.结果:在48名无关现代罗布人群个体中,线粒体DNA9bp序列缺失频率为8.3%,在34名无关现代罗布人群男性个体中DYS287全部显示为YAP-.结论:获得现代罗布人线粒体DNA 9bp序列缺失频率与Y染色体DYS287位点多态性数据,为该群体遗传关系的分析、法医学鉴定及该群体的起源提供了一定的遗传背景资料.     

植物种群更新的补充限制

补充限制基于生态位理论, 从种子萌发、幼苗存活和生长、繁殖体扩散等生活史阶段的种群统计特征及环境因素(土壤水分、养分、凋落物等)着手, 探讨种群的更新问题。种源限制和微生境限制是补充限制理论研究的核心内容, 但是哪个更为重要并没有统一的结论。种源限制与种子生产、土壤种子库和地下芽库中的繁殖体数量不足有关。其中, 气候的年际波动、土壤种子库寿命和动物的捕食都会影响种子生产在种群更新中的作用; 土壤种子库常被视为种群更新的保险库, 与地上种子雨共同促进种群更新, 但是, 如果土壤里种子具有较高的死亡率和休眠率, 将会降低种子库的作用; 地下芽库及其产生的无性分株对于种群更新的意义更多地体现在干扰后种群更强的恢复能力上。扩散限制是种群更新中的普遍现象, 与种子产量、散布能力、传播媒介、幼苗密度等因素有关。微生境限制主要表现为水分、养分、凋落物等非生物因素以及竞争、捕食等生物因素对种子的活力、萌发性、幼苗的存活力、物质分配等过程的影响, 其重要性随着植物生活史阶段而发生变化。未来需要进行综合的、长期的实验, 并应着重加强种源限制及相关生态过程的进化与生态相结合的机理性研究, 从而更深刻地认识和理解种群更新问题, 建立更为综合、系统的种群更新理论体系。     

Early maternal undernutrition programs increased feed intake, altered glucose metabolism and insulin secretion, and liver function in aged female offspring

Insulin resistance and obesity are components of the metabolic syndrome that includes development of cardiovascular disease and diabetes with advancing age. The thrifty phenotype hypothesis suggests that offspring of poorly nourished mothers are predisposed to the various components of the metabolic syndrome due to adaptations made during fetal development. We assessed the effects of maternal nutrient restriction in early gestation on feeding behavior, insulin and glucose dynamics, body composition, and liver function in aged female offspring of ewes fed either a nutrient-restricted [NR 50% National Research Council (NRC) recommendations] or control (C: 100% NRC) diet from 28 to 78 days of gestation, after which both groups were fed at 100% of NRC from day 79 to lambing and through lactation. Female lambs born to NR and C dams were reared as a single group from weaning, and thereafter, they were fed 100% NRC recommendations until assigned to this study at 6 yr of age. These female offspring were evaluated by a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test, followed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for body composition analysis prior to and after ad libitum feeding of a highly palatable pelleted diet for 11 wk with automated monitoring of feed intake (GrowSafe Systems). Aged female offspring born to NR ewes demonstrated greater and more rapid feed intake, greater body weight gain, and efficiency of gain, lower insulin sensitivity, higher insulin secretion, and greater hepatic lipid and glycogen content than offspring from C ewes. These data confirm an increased metabolic "thriftiness" of offspring born to NR mothers, which continues into advanced age, possibly predisposing these offspring to metabolic disease.