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排序方式: 共有159条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
An investigational drug (2-picoline, 6-amino-4-nitro-, 1-oxide) was evaluated to characterize the anti-coccidial spectrum of the compound. Two concentrations of the drug (125 and 250 ppm) were evaluated for bioactivity; weight gain, survival, dropping, and lesion scores were the response variables utilized to ascertain activity. The activities of the picoline derivative were compared with monensin, maduramicin, and a narasin/nicarbazin (1:1) combination. The investigational drug had significant activity against Eimeria tenella and Eimeria necatrix, and the 250-ppm level was significantly more active than 125 ppm. At 250 ppm, the E. tenella activity of the picoline derivative was comparable to both monensin (120 ppm) and the 50-ppm narasin/nicarbazin combination, significantly less effective than maduramicin (6 ppm), and significantly more efficacious than 30 ppm narasin/nicarbazin. At the same level (250 ppm), the picoline derivative had significantly less E. necatrix activity than monensin (120 ppm), maduramicin (6 ppm), and narasin/nicarbazin (50 ppm), and significantly greater activity than 30 ppm narasin/nicarbazin. At best, only extremely weak Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria brunetti, and Eimeria maxima activities were noted with the investigational drug; higher concentrations of the picoline derivative may achieve greater anti-coccidial activity against these species. The efficacy of narasin/nicarbazin compared favorably with monensin and maduramicin; the 50-ppm level of the combination appeared significantly more efficacious than 30-ppm. 相似文献
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Activation of C3H/HeJ macrophages by endotoxin 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
M Nowakowski P J Edelson C Bianco 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》1980,125(5):2189-2194
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Stephen GS Vreden Jeetendra K Jitan Rakesh D Bansie Malti R Adhin 《Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz》2013,108(8):968-973
The emerging resistance to artemisinin derivatives that has been reported in
South-East Asia led us to assess the efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine as the first
line therapy for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum infections in
Suriname. This drug assessment was performed according to the recommendations of the
World Health Organization in 2011. The decreasing number of malaria cases in
Suriname, which are currently limited to migrating populations and gold miners,
precludes any conclusions on artemether efficacy because adequate numbers of patients
with 28-day follow-up data are difficult to obtain. Therefore, a comparison of day 3
parasitaemia in a 2011 study and in a 2005/2006 study was used to detect the
emergence of resistance to artemether. The prevalence of day 3 parasitaemia was
assessed in a study in 2011 and was compared to that in a study in 2005/2006. The
same protocol was used in both studies and artemether-lumefantrine was the study
drug. Of 48 evaluable patients in 2011, 15 (31%) still had parasitaemia on day 3
compared to one (2%) out of 45 evaluable patients in 2005/2006. Overall, 11 evaluable
patients in the 2011 study who were followed up until day 28 had negative slides and
similar findings were obtained in all 38 evaluable patients in the 2005/2006 study.
The significantly increased incidence of parasite persistence on day 3 may be an
indication of emerging resistance to artemether. 相似文献
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Juana M. Rivera‐Ordonez A. Justin Nowakowski Adrian Manansala Michelle E. Thompson Brian D. Todd 《Biotropica》2019,51(5):747-756
The conversion of natural habitats to human land uses often increases local temperatures, creating novel thermal environments for species. The variable responses of ectotherms to habitat conversion, where some species decline while others persist, can partly be explained by variation among species in their thermal niches. However, few studies have examined thermal niche variation within species and across forest‐land use ecotones, information that could provide clues about the capacity of species to adapt to changing temperatures. Here, we quantify individual‐level variation in thermal traits of the tropical poison frog, Oophaga pumilio, in thermally contrasting habitats. Specifically, we examined local environmental temperatures, field body temperatures (Tb), preferred body temperatures (Tpref), critical thermal maxima (CTmax), and thermal safety margins (TSM) of individuals from warm, converted habitats and cool forests. We found that frogs from converted habitats exhibited greater mean Tb and Tpref than those from forests. In contrast, CTmax and TSM did not differ significantly between habitats. However, CTmax did increase moderately with increasing Tb, suggesting that changes in CTmax may be driven by microscale temperature exposure within habitats rather than by mean habitat conditions. Although O. pumilio exhibited moderate divergence in Tpref, CTmax appears to be less labile between habitats, possibly due to the ability of frogs in converted habitats to maintain their Tb below air temperatures that reach or exceed CTmax. Selective pressures on thermal tolerances may increase, however, with the loss of buffering microhabitats and increased frequency of extreme temperatures expected under future habitat degradation and climate warming. Abstract in Spanish is available with online material. 相似文献
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Alex A. Pollen Aparna Bhaduri Madeline G. Andrews Tomasz J. Nowakowski Olivia S. Meyerson Mohammed A. Mostajo-Radji Elizabeth Di Lullo Beatriz Alvarado Melanie Bedolli Max L. Dougherty Ian T. Fiddes Zev N. Kronenberg Joe Shuga Anne A. Leyrat Jay A. West Marina Bershteyn Craig B. Lowe Bryan J. Pavlovic Arnold R. Kriegstein 《Cell》2019,176(4):743-756.e17
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