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Chamara A. Wijesinghe Shehan S. Williams Anuradhani Kasturiratne Nishantha Dolawaththa Piyal Wimalaratne Buddhika Wijewickrema Shaluka F. Jayamanne Geoffrey K. Isbister Andrew H. Dawson David G. Lalloo H. Janaka de Silva 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2015,9(8)
Background
Snakebite results in delayed psychological morbidity and negative psycho-social impact. However, psychological support is rarely provided to victims.Aim
To assess the effectiveness of a brief intervention which can be provided by non-specialist doctors aimed at reducing psychological morbidity following snakebite envenoming.Method
In a single blind, randomized controlled trial, snakebite victims with systemic envenoming [n = 225, 168 males, mean age 42.1 (SD 12.4) years] were randomized into three arms. One arm received no intervention (n = 68, Group A), the second received psychological first aid and psychoeducation (dispelling prevalent cultural beliefs related to snakebite which promote development of a sick role) at discharge from hospital (n = 65, Group B), while the third received psychological first aid and psychoeducation at discharge and a second intervention one month later based on cognitive behavioural principles (n = 69, Group C). All patients were assessed six months after hospital discharge for the presence of psychological symptoms and level of functioning using standardized tools.Results
At six months, there was a decreasing trend in the proportion of patients who were positive for psychiatric symptoms of depression and anxiety from Group A through Group B to Group C (Chi square test for trend = 7.901, p = 0.005). This was mainly due to a decreasing trend for symptoms of anxiety (chi-square for trend = 11.256, p = 0.001). There was also decreasing trend in the overall prevalence of disability from Group A through Group B to Group C (chi square for trend = 7.551, p = 0.006), predominantly in relation to disability in family life (p = 0.006) and social life (p = 0.005). However, there was no difference in the proportion of patients diagnosed with depression between the three groups (chi square for trend = 0.391, p = 0.532), and the intervention also had no effect on post-traumatic stress disorder.Conclusions
A brief psychological intervention, which included psychological first aid and psychoeducation plus cognitive behavioural therapy that can be provided by non-specialist doctors appeared to reduce psychiatric symptoms and disability after snakebite envenoming, but not depression or post-traumatic stress disorder.Trial Registration
Sri Lanka Clinical Trials Registry: SLCTR/2011/003 相似文献2.
Antifungal constituents of the stem bark of Bridelia retusa 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Jayasinghe L Kumarihamy BM Jayarathna KH Udishani NW Bandara BM Hara N Fujimoto Y 《Phytochemistry》2003,62(4):637-641
Antifungal activity guided fractionation of solvent extracts of the stem bark of Bridelia retusa of the family Euphorbiaceae against Cladosporium cladosporioides, furnished new bisabolane sesquiterpenes, (E)-4-(1,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-1-hexenyl)benzoic acid, (E)-4-(1,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-1,4-hexadienyl) benzoic acid, (R)-4-(1,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-4-hexenyl)benzoic acid and (-)-isochaminic acid, together with the known (R)-4-(1,5-dimethyl-3-oxohexyl)benzoic acid (ar-todomatuic acid), 5-allyl-1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene (elemicin), (+)-sesamin and 4-isopropylbenzoic acid (cumic acid). All these compounds showed fungicidal activity on TLC bioautography method at very low concentrations except elemicin. 相似文献
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Caspofungin‐induced in‐vitro post‐antifungal effect and its impact on adhesion related traits of oral Candida dubliniensis and Candida albicans isolates 下载免费PDF全文
Arjuna Nishantha Bandara Ellepola Rachel Chandy Zia Uddin Khan Lakshman Perera Samaranayake 《Microbiology and immunology》2016,60(3):160-167
Adhesion to buccal epithelial cells (BEC) and denture acrylic surfaces (DAS), germ tube (GT) formation and cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) are all virulence traits involved in the pathogenicity of Candida. Post‐antifungal effect (PAFE) also have a bearing on pathogenicity and virulence of Candida. Candida dubliniensis is associated with oral and systemic candidosis, which can be managed with caspofungin. There is no published information on caspofungin‐induced PAFE and its impact on adhesion traits of C. dubliniensis isolates. Thus, the purpose of this investigation was to determine the in vitro duration of PAFE on 20 C. dubliniensis isolates following transient exposure to caspofungin. Furthermore the impacts of caspofungin‐induced PAFE on adhesion to BEC and DAS, GT formation and CSH of these isolates were also determined. After establishing the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of caspofungin, C. dubliniensis isolates were exposed to sub‐lethal concentrations (×3 MIC) of caspofungin for 1 hr. Thereafter the duration of PAFE, adhesion to BEC and DAS, GT formation and CSH were determined by previously described in‐vitro assays. MIC (μg/mL) of C. dubliniensis isolates to caspofungin ranged from 0.004 to 0.19. Caspofungin‐induced mean PAFE on C. dubliniensis isolates was 2.17 hr. Exposure to caspofungin suppressed the ability of C. dubliniensis isolates to adhere to BEC and DAS, form GT and CSH by 69.97%, 71.95%, 90.06% and 32.29% (P < 0.001 for all), respectively. Thus, transient exposure of C. dubliniensis isolates to caspofungin produces an antifungal effect not only by suppressing its growth but also by altering its adhesion traits. 相似文献
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Varatharasa Thiviyanathan Bruce A. Luxon Neocles B. Leontis Nishantha Illangasekare David G. Donne David G. Gorenstein 《Journal of biomolecular NMR》1999,14(3):209-221
Homonuclear 3D NOESY-NOESY has shown great promise for the structural refinement of large biomolecules. A computationally efficient hybrid-hybrid relaxation matrix refinement methodology, using 3D NOESY-NOESY data, was used to refine the structure of a DNA three-way junction having two unpaired bases at the branch point of the junction. The NMR data and the relaxation matrix refinement confirm that the DNA three-way junction exists in a folded conformation with two of the helical stems stacked upon each other. The third unstacked stem extends away from the junction, forming an acute angle (60° ) with the stacked stems. The two unpaired bases are stacked upon each other and are exposed to the solvent. Helical parameters for the bases in all three strands show slight deviations from typical values expected for right-handed B-form DNA. Inter-nucleotide imino-imino NOEs between the bases at the branch point of the junction show that the junction region is well defined. The helical stems show mobility (± 20° ) indicating dynamic processes around the junction region. The unstacked helical stem adjacent to the unpaired bases shows greater mobility compared to the other two stems. The results from this study indicate that the 3D hybrid-hybrid matrix MORASS refinement methodology, by combining the spectral dispersion of 3D NOESY-NOESY and the computational efficiency of 2D refinement programs, provides an accurate and robust means for structure determination of large biomolecules. Our results also indicate that the 3D MORASS method gives higher quality structures compared to the 2D complete relaxation matrix refinement method. 相似文献
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Mycopathologia - Cigarette smoke is associated with higher oral Candida carriage and possible predisposition and increased susceptibility to oral candidal infection. Candida dubliniensis is... 相似文献
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