Goldston syndrome: report of a case.

Cerebrohepatorenal malformation is a rare familial disorder characterized by typical renal lesions combined with Dandy-Walker malformation, and congenital hepatic fibrosis. In this case report, a male premie with the diagnosis of cerebrorenal syndrome or so called Goldston syndrome is presented. Besides the rarity of this syndrome, this case is the second reported patient diagnosed prenatally.     

Fortpflanzungsverhalten der Palmtaube (Streptopelia senegalensis): Paarbildung bis Eiablage

Zusammenfassung Die Fortpflanzungsperiode der Palmtaube (Streptopelia s. senegalensis L.) fängt in Diyarbakir/Türkei (37°55N/40°12E) schon Anfang Februar an und kann bis Mitte November dauern. In diesem Zeitraum kann ein Paar bis zu sieben Bruten beginnen (Tab. 1). Nach der Paarbildung fangen die Kopulationen an, die vor allem in der Woche vor der Eiablage stark zunehmen. Während des Brütens und der ersten Woche der Jungenaufzucht sind sie dagegen nicht zu beobachten. Sie werden vom im allgemeinen mit sog. Flügeltippen bzw. Scheinputzen eingeleitet. Nach der Begattung paradiert das um das , das auf der Stelle verharrt. Vor dem Tretakt fällt das dagegen in infantiles Verhalten und bettelt unter Flügelzittern den Partner um Futter an. Es bekommt auch tatsächlich Futter. Die Palmtauben sind zumindest für eine Fortpflanzungssaison monogam. U. a. spielen wechselseitige Gefiederpflege und Anschlußbruten sowie die Fütterung des durch das eine wichtige Rolle für das Zusammenleben und -bleiben der Partner. Der Nistplatz wird vom gezeigt, aber vom gewählt. Das Nistmaterial wird vom eingetragen und im allgemeinen vom alleine in das Nest eingefügt. Nur während des Brutwechsels bringt auch das hin und wieder Nistmaterial, das aber wahrscheinlich nur für den Partner, nicht für das Nest dient. In den späteren Phasen des Brütens gilt dies wahrscheinlich auch für das . 1–4 Tage nach dem Nestbaubeginn wird gegen Abend das erste Ei gelegt, womit auch das Brüten anfängt. Das zweite Ei folgt dann rund 38 Stunden später.

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On the reproductive behaviour of the Laughing Dove (Streptopelia senegalensis): pair-formation to egg-laying

Summary In Diyarbakr/Turkey, the reproductive season of the Laughing Dove begins in early February and lasts til mid November. One pair may start with breeding up to seven times a year. The frequency of copulations which could be observed only after pair formation increased considerably in the week before incubation starts. During incubation and during the first week of the nestling period no copulations could be observed. Usually copulations are initiated by the male pecking behind its folded wings (displacement-preening). Before mating, the female turns into infantile behaviour begging food from its partner by wing-twitching. Food is then delivered by the male. After mating the female parades around the male which stays motionless. Paired birds stay together at least during one reproductive season. Reinforcement of the pair bond will be achieved by mutual preening, courtship feeding of the female by the male, and successive broods. The male indicates the nest site which is successively chosen by the female. The nest material is brought by the male and usually placed by the female at the nest site. Only during change-overs the female sometimes brings nesting material, too. However, this material probably is for the partner, not actually for the nest. The same may be true for similar behaviour of the male in late stages of incubation. One to four days after nest building has started the first egg is laid, mostly in late afternoon. Incubation starts with the first egg; the second egg is laid about 38 hours later.

     

Zur Balz des Mikado-Fasans(Syrmaticus mikado) in Gefangenschaft

Zusammenfassung Drei Jahre lang wurde das Balzverhalten von 20 in Volieren gehaltenen Mikado-Fasanen (Syrmaticus mikado) beobachtet. Die Hauptbalzzeit war bei den ganzjährig im Freien gehaltenen Fasanen in Mainz (50° N.) März-April. Die Balz der bestand nicht wie bisher angegeben im wesentlichen aus einer Lateralpräsentation. Zwar wurde eine solche auch im Rahmen des Balzverhaltens gezeigt, doch stellte sie keine eigentliche Balzleistung dar. Sie trat vielmehr während des ganzen Jahres hindurch mehr oder weniger auf, und zwar bei beiden Geschlechtern. Ein wesentliches Element der Balz war dagegen die Frontalpräsentation, die hier erstmals beschrieben wird. Sie trat nur während der Balz auf und wurde nur von gezeigt. Die beantworteten sie nie mit Flucht. Die ins Balzverhalten eingeschaltete Futtervermittlung durch das wurde bisher nur in echter, nie in symbolischer Form beobachtet. Dabei hielten die das Futter nie im Schnabel, um es den gezielt anzubieten.

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The courtship behaviour of the Mikado Pheasant (Syrmaticus mikado) in captivity

Summary The courtship behaviour of 20 Mikado pheasants (Syrmaticus mikado) was observed over a period of three years. The birds were kept in aviaries in the open the whole year round. In Mainz (50° N), the main mating period occurred in March and April. The courtship of the cocks did not consist essentially in lateral display, as has been previously reported for species of the genusSyrmaticus. Although lateral display did take place during courtship, it was not really part of the cock's courtship behaviour. It was rather the case that lateral display occurs more or less during the whole year and in both sexes. Frontal display was, however, an essential element in the Mikado pheasant's courtship and is described here for the first time. It occurred only during the mating period and was performed exclusively by the cocks. The hens never responded to frontal display by fleeing. The provision of food, which the cocks interpolate into courtship, has been observed so far only in the genuine and never in the symbolic form. It could never be observed that the cocks held the food in their beaks in order to offer it to the hens directly.

     

An inverse problem in neural processing

Any neural network aimed at the coding sensory events must contain computational properties which generally allow the organism to reconstruct the input signals with some degree of accuracy-else the association between stimulus and response would, at best, be uncertain. In this paper we investigate the problem of reconstructing external input signals to neural networks when the activity profiles of only some of its member cells are known. The evolution and activities of such cells are defined by an earlier formulation of one of us (Ouztöreli 1979) and, here, we restrict our application to local curcuits within the vertebrate retina. Solutions to this inverse coding problem are presented for specific network equations and examplified with 1, 3, and 5 neuron cases.This work was partially supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada under Grant A-4345 to M.N.O. and grant A-4395 to T.M.C. through the University of Alberta     

Control mechanisms of a neural network

In this paper we consider some classical control theoretic properties of a nonlinear neural network proposed by Ouztöreli (1979) to represent the activities of constiuent neurones in terms of the input signals and coupling (associative) properties. By breaking the network into linear and nonlinear components we have been able to localize the nonlinearities in the individual neural response latencies through the system.This work was partially supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada by Grant NSERC-A 4345 to M.N.O. and Grant NSERC-A 2568 to T.M.C. through the University of Alberta