全文获取类型
收费全文 | 796篇 |
免费 | 75篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 5篇 |
2022年 | 5篇 |
2021年 | 9篇 |
2020年 | 11篇 |
2019年 | 8篇 |
2018年 | 10篇 |
2017年 | 6篇 |
2016年 | 10篇 |
2015年 | 31篇 |
2014年 | 35篇 |
2013年 | 38篇 |
2012年 | 68篇 |
2011年 | 70篇 |
2010年 | 35篇 |
2009年 | 31篇 |
2008年 | 50篇 |
2007年 | 63篇 |
2006年 | 50篇 |
2005年 | 54篇 |
2004年 | 49篇 |
2003年 | 33篇 |
2002年 | 38篇 |
2001年 | 5篇 |
2000年 | 6篇 |
1999年 | 6篇 |
1998年 | 11篇 |
1997年 | 2篇 |
1996年 | 8篇 |
1995年 | 5篇 |
1994年 | 5篇 |
1993年 | 7篇 |
1992年 | 11篇 |
1991年 | 5篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 6篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 8篇 |
1984年 | 13篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 10篇 |
1978年 | 4篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 6篇 |
1974年 | 4篇 |
1864年 | 1篇 |
1862年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有871条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
R Larisch K Kley S Nikolaus W Sitte M Franz H Hautzel W Tress H-W Müller 《Hormones et métabolisme》2004,36(9):650-653
Previous studies on hypothyroid subjects have indicated serious psychiatric symptoms affecting the patients' quality of life. The present prospective cross-sectional study's aim was to examine these symptoms in thyroid patients with different functional states. A total of 254 patients (age: 56 +/- 14 years [mean +/- standard deviation], 181 female, 73 male) referred to a hospital for radioiodine treatment of hyperthyroidism or for follow-up of differentiated thyroid cancer, respectively, were included. All patients underwent the twelve-item general health questionnaire, which is an instrument for detecting mood disturbances. Euthyroid and hyperthyroid patients did not differ significantly in their general health questionnaire score (11 +/- 5 vs. 11 +/- 7), nor did subclinical hyperthyroid (11 +/- 6) or subclinical hypothyroid subjects (12 +/- 5). In contrast, hypothyroid patients showed a significantly higher mean score (17 +/- 7, p < 0.001, ANOVA). Binary logistic regression revealed that hypothyroidism increases age and gender-adjusted risk for critical mood deterioration by seven-fold. Thus, hypothyroidism represents a widely underestimated functional condition that may severely affect mental health. 相似文献
2.
3.
Roman Müllenbach Steffi Lutz Karlheinz Holzmann Steven Dooley Nikolaus Blin 《Human genetics》1992,89(5):519-523
Summary A non-alphoid repetitive DNA from human chromosome 22, consisting of a 48-bp motif, shows homology to both G-group chromosomes in the gorilla, thus indicating the presence of additional repeat family members on further human chromosomes. Therefore, we screened a chromosome-21-specific cosmid library using this repetitive sequence from chromosome 22 (D22Z3). Some 40–50 cosmid clones were positive in tests for hybridization. One of the clones giving the strongest signals was digested with EcoRI/PstI, which we knew to cut frequently within the repeats; this resulted in fragments containing repeat units only. The fragments were subcloned into plasmid vector pTZ 19. Sequence-analysis of a 500-bp insert showed ten copies of a 48-bp repeat similar to D22Z3, with about 15% sequence deviation from the chromosome 22 consensus sequence. In situ hybridization of the newly isolated recombinant established its chromosome 21 specifity at high stringency. Physical mapping by pulsed field gel electrophoresis placed this new repeat in close vicinity to the chromosome 21 alphoid repeat. No cross-hybridization with other mammalian genomes except for those of apes was observed. The locus has been designated D21Z2 by the Genome Data Base. A gel mobility shift assay indicated that this repetitive motif has protein-binding properties. 相似文献
4.
Jadwiga Jaruzelska Karen Friis Henriksen Flemming Güttler Olaf Riess Krzysztof Borski Nikolaus Blin Ryszard Slomski 《Human genetics》1991,86(3):247-250
Summary The incidence of phenylketonuria (PKU) in the western part of Poland is 1 in 5000 live births. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) haplotypes at the phenylalanine hydroxylase locus have been analysed in 46 Polish families with PKU. Among 43 fully-informative families 16 RFLP haplotypes were identified. Haplotype 2 is the most frequently (62%) associated with Polish PKU alleles, and the codon 408 mutation is in complete linkage disequilibrium with this haplotype in Poland. This finding is in agreement with observations in other eastern European countries (German Democratic Republic, Czechoslovakia, and Hungary) and in contrast to the genotype distribution observed in western European countries. The present observation suggests the spread of classical PKU, due to the codon 408 mutation associated with haplotype 2, from east to west in European populations. Perhaps more important for genetic counselling, 62% of all PKU chromosomes in the Polish population can now be detected using only one mutantspecific oligonucleotide probe. 相似文献
5.
Polyamine reutilization and turnover in brain 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
N1, N2-bis-(2, 3-butadienyl)-1, 4-butanediamine (MDL 72527) is an irreversible, specific inhibitor of polyamine oxidase, which allows one to completely inactivate this enzyme in all organs of an experimental animal. As a result one observes a linear increase of N1-acetylsperimidine and N1-acetylspermine concentrations in brain. The rate of accumulation seems directly proportional to the rate of spermidine, and spermine degradation respectively, and since no compensatory changes of the polyamine synthetic enzymes, were induced by inhibition of polyamine oxidase, the rate of acetyl-polyamine accumulation is assumed to be a measure for polyamine turnover. The decrease of brain putrescine levels by 70 percent in the brains of MDL 72527-treated animals suggests the quantitative significance of putrescine reutilisation. Pretreatment of the animals with D, L--difluoromethylornithine, an irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase reduced both, polyamine turnover rate and the extent of putrescine reutilization. Inhibition of GAPA-T produced a significant increase of polyamine turnover in brain, in agreement with the known induction of ornithine decarboxylase activity after treatment with inhibitors of GABA-T. 相似文献
6.
7.
8.
Mimicking a Honeybee Queen?Vespa affinis indosinensis Pérez 1910 Hunts Drones of Apis cerana F. 1793
Nikolaus Koeniger Gudrun Koeniger Makhdzir Mardan 《Ethology : formerly Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie》1994,98(2):149-153
Hornets (Vespa affinis) flying in a drone congregation area attracted drones of Apis cerana. The drones followed the hornet and were ‘manoeuvred’ towards a leaf or a tree. The hornet then rushed at one of the drones. Many attempts by the hornet to catch a drone were unsuccessful and all drones fled. After failing, the hornet returned to centre of the drone congregation area and repeated the behaviour. Only after successfully seizing of a drone did the hornet leave the drone congregation area carrying its prey. In a two-choice test in the centre of the drone congregation area, free-flying A. cerana drones preferred a hornet model to a live A. cerana queen. V. affinis apparently ‘exploits’ the intraspecific communication between queen and drones of A. cerana. Hunting of drones in the drone congregation area by V. affinis may be an example of predatory mimicry. 相似文献
9.
10.
Evan M. Schlaich John A. Thomas Lakshmi Kandari Gabi Tremml Anurag Khetan 《Biotechnology progress》2023,39(3):e3330
Single-use bioreactors (SUBs, or disposable bioreactors) are extensively used for the clinical and commercial production of biologics. Despite widespread application, minimal results have been reported utilizing the turndown ratio; an operation mode where the working range of the bioreactor can be expanded to include low fluid volumes. In this work, a systematic investigation into free surface mass transfer and cell growth in high turndown single-use bioreactors is presented. This approach, which combines experimental mass transfer measurements with numerical simulation, deconvolutes the combined effects of headspace mixing and the free surface convective mass transfer on cell growth. Under optimized conditions, mass transfer across the interface alone may be sufficient to satisfy oxygen demands of the cell culture. Within the context of high turndown bioreactors, this finding provides a counterpoint to traditional sparge-based bioreactor operational philosophy. Multiple monoclonal antibody-producing cell lines grown using this high turndown approach showed similar viable cell densities to those cells expanded using a traditional cell bag rocker. Furthermore, cells taken directly from the turndown expansion and placed into production showed identical growth characteristics to traditionally expanded cultures. Taken together, these results suggest that the Xcellerex SUB can be run at a 5:1 working volume as a seed to itself, with no need for system modifications, potentially simplifying preculture operations. 相似文献