The influence of starter cultures on the formation of volatile compounds in dry smoked sausages

The differences between the composition of volatile substances in two specimens of dry smoked sausages produced using a standard and experimental (a mixture of propionic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria) cultures were studied by capillary gas chromatography. It was found that the experimental starter culture intensified the flavor-formation processes as compared with the standard culture. The experimental specimen had richer qualitative and quantitative compositions and displayed more intensive aroma and flavor. The contents of lactones and volatile terpenoids in the experimental specimen were much higher than in the control. The organoleptic characteristics of experimental dry smoked sausage specimen were considerably better.     

Concerning Measurements of the Self-Diffusion Coefficient of Water Molecules and Time of Proton Spin-Lattice Relaxation in Plant Tissues

Measurements of the coefficient of water molecules self-diffusion (D) and the time of spin-lattice relaxation (T ₁) in prosenchyme (elongated) plant cells, whose length significantly exceeding their transverse size, show that the orientation of plant tissues in the H ₀field significantly affects the measured parameters. We conclude that this effect should be taken into account in experiments on the measurement of self-diffusion coefficients and time of proton spin-lattice relaxation in plant tissues containing prosenchyme cells.     

HDL2c--a new subclass of high density lipoproteins in the plasma of newborns]

A new subclass of high density lipoproteins designated as HLD2c was found in the human blood plasma of newborn by analytic ultracentrifugation in the flotation rate interval Fo1,20 8.0--12.0. HDL2c was isolated from the total HDL fraction of newborn by preparative ultracentrifugation at the density 1.071.     

Comparative electrophoretical analysis of plasmid-like mitochondrial DNAs in Vicia faba and in some other legumes

Minicircular DNAs found in mitochondria of 6-d-old etiolated seedlings of Vicia faba L. were also present in mitochondria isolated from cell suspension cultures and from green leaves of this plant. These results support the suggestion that the plasmid-like molecules found in mitochondria of V. faba are an essential component of the mitochondrial genome. The minicircular DNAs were, apparently, peculiar for the species V. faba since they were found in all three cultivars of this species which were studied. The distribution pattern of plasmid-like DNAs in Vicia villosa L. was completely different and mitochondria from Medicago sativa L. also contained specific minicircular DNAs. Thus, minicircular DNAs are typical for the mitochondrial genomes of several legumes and different plant species have their specific mitochondrial plasmid-like DNAs     

The ability of peripheral blood lymphocytes to repair DNA and the survival of rats

Individual and group differences were revealed in the capacity of rat peripheral blood lymphocytes of DNA repair in response to the DNA damaging test-effect of irradiation in vitro. The survival rate of rats irradiated with a dose inducing 50-per cent death was in a definite relationship with the repair capacity of blood lymphocyte DNA in each animal individual prior to irradiation.     

Rapid fluorescent visualization of multiple NAD(P)H oxidoreductases in homogenate,permeabilized cells,and tissue slices

Intracellular NAD(P)H oxidoreductases are a class of diverse enzymes that are the key players in a number of vital processes. The method we present and validate here is based on the ability of many NAD(P)H oxidoreductases to reduce the superoxide probe lucigenin, which is structurally similar to flavins, to its highly fluorescent water-insoluble derivative dimethylbiacridene. Two modifications of the method are proposed: (i) an express method for tissue homogenate and permeabilized cells in suspensions and (ii) a standard procedure for cells in culture and acute thin tissue slices. The method allows one to assess, visualize, and localize, using fluorescent markers of cellular compartments, multiple NADH and NADPH oxidoreductase activities. The application of selective inhibitors (e.g., VAS2870, a NOX2 inhibitor; plumbagin, a NOX4 inhibitor) allows one to distinguish and compare specific NAD(P)H oxidoreductase activities in cells and tissues and to attribute them to known enzymes. The method is simple, rapid, and flexible. It can be easily adapted to a variety of tasks. It will be useful for investigations of the role of various NAD(P)H oxidoreductases in a number of physiological and pathophysiological processes.