排序方式: 共有14条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Ben Lopman Yosselin Vicu?a Fabian Salazar Nely Broncano Matthew D. Esona Carlos Sandoval Nicole Gregoricus Michael D. Bowen Daniel Payne Martiza Vaca Martha Chico Umesh Parashar Philip J. Cooper 《PloS one》2013,8(7)
Background
We studied the transmission of rotavirus infection in households in peri-urban Ecuador in the vaccination era.Methods
Stool samples were collected from household contacts of child rotavirus cases, diarrhea controls and healthy controls following presentation of the index child to health facilities. Rotavirus infection status of contacts was determined by RT-qPCR. We examined factors associated with transmissibility (index-case characteristics) and susceptibility (household-contact characteristics).Results
Amongst cases, diarrhea controls and healthy control household contacts, infection attack rates (iAR) were 55%, 8% and 2%, (n = 137, 130, 137) respectively. iARs were higher from index cases with vomiting, and amongst siblings. Disease ARs were higher when the index child was <18 months and had vomiting, with household contact <10 years and those sharing a room with the index case being more susceptible. We found no evidence of asymptomatic infections leading to disease transmission.Conclusion
Transmission rates of rotavirus are high in households with an infected child, while background infections are rare. We have identified factors associated with transmission (vomiting/young age of index case) and susceptibility (young age/sharing a room/being a sibling of the index case). Vaccination may lead to indirect benefits by averting episodes or reducing symptoms in vaccinees. 相似文献2.
RS Mehta A Rodriguez M Chico I Guadalupe N Broncano C Sandoval F Tupiza E Mitre PJ Cooper 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2012,6(7):e1753
Background
Children of mothers infected with soil-transmitted helminths (STH) may have an increased susceptibility to STH infection.Methods and Findings
We did a case-control study nested in a birth cohort in Ecuador. Data from 1,004 children aged 7 months to 3 years were analyzed. Cases were defined as children with Ascaris lumbricoides and/or Trichuris trichiura, controls without. Exposure was defined as maternal infection with A. lumbricoides and/or T. trichiura, detected during the third trimester of pregnancy. The analysis was restricted to households with a documented infection to control for infection risk. Children of mothers with STH infections had a greater risk of infection compared to children of uninfected mothers (adjusted OR 2.61, 95% CI: 1.88–3.63, p<0.001). This effect was particularly strong in children of mothers with both STH infections (adjusted OR: 5.91, 95% CI: 3.55–9.81, p<0.001). Newborns of infected mothers had greater levels of plasma IL-10 than those of uninfected mothers (p = 0.033), and there was evidence that cord blood IL-10 was increased among newborns who became infected later in childhood (p = 0.060).Conclusion
Our data suggest that maternal STH infections increase susceptibility to infection during early childhood, an effect that was associated with elevated IL-10 in cord plasma. 相似文献3.
Nely Dayse Santos da Mata Rosinaldo Silva de Sousa Fábio F Perazzo José Carlos Tavares Carvalho 《Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine》2012,8(1):48
Background
The purpose of this study was to analyze the importance of traditional medicinal plants use to Wajãpi women in the State of Amapá, Brazil, as well as their practices in the local common illnesses of treatment considering the prevailing practice by non-Indians.Methods
This study was conducted in the Community of the Wajãpi Indigenous People, a Brazilian territory located in the central western State of Amapá. Wajãpi women were selected for the interview since they have the responsibility to harvest, collect and prepare the preparations. The studied women were residents of four villages. The number of women within these four villages is 24.Results and conclusions
The findings fell into the following three categories: 1) The daily use of medicinal plants by women and main methods of application. In this category, the botanical families found included Leguminosae-Caesalpinoideae, Anacardiaceae, Meliaceae, and Rubiaceae. The main forms of use found were teas, baths, maceration, in natura, and juices; 2) Through analysis of illness and treatment records, a lack of knowledge integration in the health system was shown to be due to a variety of gaps and the need of health professionals to be more aware about the local culture which they intend to work with, what could decrease the prevailing barriers between the social groups involved; 3) Traditional knowledge and possible sustainability can be fostered by stimulating the transmission of traditional knowledge from generation to generation, therefore reducing the dependence on industrialized medicines and also by maintaining an appreciation of those practices among youngsters, who tend to question them.4.
5.
Estrada-Peña A Ortega C Sánchez N Desimone L Sudre B Suk JE Semenza JC 《Applied and environmental microbiology》2011,77(11):3838-3845
This meta-analysis of reports examining ticks throughout the Western Palearctic region indicates a distinct geographic pattern for Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato prevalence in questing nymphal Ixodes ricinus ticks. The greatest prevalence was reported between the 5°E and 25°E longitudes based on an analysis of 123 collection points with 37,940 nymphal tick specimens (87.43% of total nymphs; 56.35% of total ticks in the set of reports over the target area). Climatic traits, such as temperature and vegetation stress, and their seasonality correlated with Borrelia prevalence in questing ticks. The greatest prevalence was associated with mild winter, high summer, and low seasonal amplitude of temperatures within the range of the tick vector, higher vegetation indices in the May-June period, and well-connected vegetation patches below a threshold at which rates suddenly drop. Classification of the target territory using a qualitative risk index derived from the abiotic variables produced an indicator of the probability of finding infected ticks in the Western Palearctic region. No specific temporal trends were detected in the reported prevalence. The ranges of the different B. burgdorferi sensu lato genospecies showed a pattern of high biodiversity between 4°W and 20°E, partially overlapping the area of highest prevalence in ticks. Borrelia afzelii and Borrelia garinii are the dominant species in central Europe (east of ~25°E), but B. garinii may appear alone at southern latitudes and Borrelia lusitaniae is the main indicator species for meridional territories. 相似文献
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7.
Hernández AM Rodríguez N González JE Reyes E Rondón T Griñán T Macías A Alfonso S Vázquez AM Pérez R 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》2011,186(6):3735-3744
1E10 is a murine anti-idiotypic mAb specific for an idiotypic mAb that reacts with NeuGc-containing gangliosides, sulfatides, and Ags expressed in some human tumors. In melanoma, breast, and lung cancer patients, this anti-idiotypic Ab was able to induce a specific Ab response against N-glycosylated gangliosides, attractive targets for cancer immunotherapy as these glycolipids are not naturally expressed in humans. A clinical study with nonsmall cell lung cancer patients showed encouraging clinical benefits. Immunological studies performed in 20 of these patients suggested a correlation between the induction of Abs against NeuGcGM3 and longer survival times. The induced anti-NeuGcGM3 Abs recognized and directly killed tumor cells expressing the Ag, by a mechanism independent of complement activation. In the present work, we show that this cytotoxicity differs from apoptosis because it is temperature independent, no chromatin condensation or caspase 3 induction are detected, and the DNA fragmentation induced has a different pattern than the one characteristic for apoptosis. It is a very quick process and involves cytosqeleton reorganization. The Abs induce cellular swelling and the formation of big membrane lesions that allow the leakage of cytoplasm and the loss of the cell membrane integrity. All of these characteristics resemble a process of oncotic necrosis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the active induction in cancer patients of NeuGcGM3-specific Abs able to induce complement independent oncotic necrosis to tumor cells. These results contribute to reinforcing the therapeutic potential of anti-idiotypic vaccines and the importance of NeuGcGM3 ganglioside as antitumor target. 相似文献
8.
Jaqueline Dario Capobiango Sthefany Pagliari Aline Kuhn Sbruzzi Pasquali Beatriz Nino Fernanda Pinto Ferreira Thaís Cabral Monica Nely Norder Tschurtschenthaler Italmar Teodorico Navarro Jo?o Luis Garcia Regina Mitsuka-Breganó Edna Maria Vissoci Reiche 《Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz》2015,110(6):732-738
The aim of this study was to evaluate an enzyme-linked immunoassay with recombinant
rhoptry protein 2 (ELISA-rROP2) for its ability to detectToxoplasma
gondii ROP2-specific IgG in samples from pregnant women. The study
included 236 samples that were divided into groups according to serological screening
profiles for toxoplasmosis: unexposed (n = 65), probable acute infection (n = 48),
possible acute infection (n = 58) and exposed to the parasite (n = 65). When an
indirect immunofluorescence assay forT. gondii-specific IgG was
considered as a reference test, the ELISA-rROP2 had a sensitivity of 61.8%,
specificity of 62.8%, predictive positive value of 76.6% and predictive negative
value of 45.4% (p = 0.0002). The ELISA-rROP2 reacted with 62.5% of the samples from
pregnant women with probable acute infection and 40% of the samples from pregnant
women with previous exposure (p = 0.0180). Seropositivity was observed in 50/57
(87.7%) pregnant women with possible infection. The results underscored that
T. gondii rROP2 is recognised by specific IgG antibodies in both
the acute and chronic phases of toxoplasmosis acquired during pregnancy. However, the
sensitivity of the ELISA-rROP2 was higher in the pregnant women with probable and
possible acute infections and IgM reactivity. 相似文献
9.
Sabina Dongol Corinne N. Thompson Simon Clare Tran Vu Thieu Nga Pham Thanh Duy Abhilasha Karkey Amit Arjyal Samir Koirala Nely Shrestha Khatri Pukar Maskey Sanjay Poudel Vijay Kumar Jaiswal Sujan Vaidya Gordon Dougan Jeremy J. Farrar Christiane Dolecek Buddha Basnyat Stephen Baker 《PloS one》2012,7(10)
Gallbladder carriage of invasive Salmonella is considered fundamental in sustaining typhoid fever transmission. Bile and tissue was obtained from 1,377 individuals undergoing cholecystectomy in Kathmandu to investigate the prevalence, characteristics and relevance of invasive Salmonella in the gallbladder in an endemic area. Twenty percent of bile samples contained a Gram-negative organism, with Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A isolated from 24 and 22 individuals, respectively. Gallbladders that contained Salmonella were more likely to show evidence of acute inflammation with extensive neutrophil infiltrate than those without Salmonella, corresponding with higher neutrophil and lower lymphocyte counts in the blood of Salmonella positive individuals. Antimicrobial resistance in the invasive Salmonella isolates was limited, indicating that gallbladder colonization is unlikely to be driven by antimicrobial resistance. The overall role of invasive Salmonella carriage in the gallbladder is not understood; here we show that 3.5% of individuals undergoing cholecystectomy in this setting have a high concentration of antimicrobial sensitive, invasive Salmonella in their bile. We predict that such individuals will become increasingly important if current transmission mechanisms are disturbed; prospectively identifying these individuals is, therefore, paramount for rapid local and regional elimination. 相似文献
10.
Malavika Rajeev Hlne Guis Glenn Torrencelli Edosoa Chantal Hanitriniaina Anjasoa Randrianarijaona Reziky Tiandraza Mangahasimbola Fleur Hierink Ravo Ramiandrasoa Jos Nely Jean-Michel Heraud Soa Fy Andriamandimby Laurence Baril C. Jessica E. Metcalf Katie Hampson 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2021,15(4)
BackgroundPost-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is highly effective at preventing human rabies deaths, however access to PEP is limited in many rabies endemic countries. The 2018 decision by Gavi to add human rabies vaccine to its investment portfolio should expand PEP availability and reduce rabies deaths. We explore how geographic access to PEP impacts the rabies burden in Madagascar and the potential benefits of improved provisioning.Methodology & principal findingsWe use spatially resolved data on numbers of bite patients seeking PEP across Madagascar and estimates of travel times to the closest clinic providing PEP (N = 31) in a Bayesian regression framework to estimate how geographic access predicts reported bite incidence. We find that travel times strongly predict reported bite incidence across the country. Using resulting estimates in an adapted decision tree, we extrapolate rabies deaths and reporting and find that geographic access to PEP shapes burden sub-nationally. We estimate 960 human rabies deaths annually (95% Prediction Intervals (PI): 790–1120), with PEP averting an additional 800 deaths (95% PI: 640–970) each year. Under these assumptions, we find that expanding PEP to one clinic per district (83 additional clinics) could reduce deaths by 19%, but even with all major primary clinics provisioning PEP (1733 additional clinics), we still expect substantial rabies mortality. Our quantitative estimates are most sensitive to assumptions of underlying rabies exposure incidence, but qualitative patterns of the impacts of travel times and expanded PEP access are robust.Conclusions & significancePEP is effective at preventing rabies deaths, and in the absence of strong surveillance, targeting underserved populations may be the most equitable way to provision PEP. Given the potential for countries to use Gavi funding to expand access to PEP in the coming years, this framework could be used as a first step to guide expansion and improve targeting of interventions in similar endemic settings where PEP access is geographically restricted and baseline data on rabies risk is lacking. While better PEP access should save many lives, improved outreach, surveillance, and dog vaccination will be necessary, and if rolled out with Gavi investment, could catalyze progress towards achieving zero rabies deaths. 相似文献