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1.
A. Birkenfeld Y. Ezra N. Ron D. Navot S. Granovsky J. G. Schenker I. S. Levij I. Vlodavsky 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1988,24(12):1188-1192
Summary The culturing of human endometrium in conventional plastic dishes and media is only partially successful, mainly because a
growth of a heterogeneous population of cells is achieved. Naturally produced extracellular matrix closely resembles the subepithelial
basement membrane and seems to affect both growth and differentiation of cells. These qualities of the extracellular matrix
(ECM) were applied for obtaining endometrial epithelial cultures. Endometrial tissue specimens were plated after slicing on
ECM-coated dishes and kept for up to 8 d. The growth of a confluent homogeneous tissue composed of polygonal epithelial-like
cells was demonstrated. To further characterize these cells, cultures were examined by scanning electron microscopy and transmission
electron microscopy. Scanning electron microscopy revealed flattened polygonal cells covered with microvilli, among which
ciliated cells were observed. By transmission electron microscopy the cells were seen as a monolayer, with some cells overlapping,
closely adherent to the matrix. Microvilli, as well as intracellular vacuoles and glycogen granules were observed. Cell type
specific cytoskeletal markers were demonstrated by antibodies to intermediate filament proteins (keratin and epithelial membrane
antigen). Taken together, the morphologic and immunohistochemical studies indicate that a selective growth of the epithelial
component of endometrial tissue was obtained after plating unprocessed endometrial tissue fragments on ECM-coated culture
dishes.
This work was supported by PHS grant no. CA 30289 to J.V. 相似文献
2.
H. Czosnek R. Ber N. Navot Y. Antignus S. Cohen D. Zamir 《Journal of Phytopathology》1989,125(1):47-54
Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) DNA was used as a probe to identify and analyze virus-related DNAs in the viral capside, in infected tomato plants and in the virus vector, the whitefly. In addition to the single-stranded viral genomic DNA, double-stranded virus-related DNA molecules were detected in infected plants. Not all of the virus-related DNA forms are present simultaneously in the infected plant. The double-stranded molecules, which are probably the replicative form of the viral genome, have been purified from an infected tomato plant. In the viruliferous whitefly, only the single-stranded unit-size viral genome was detected. 相似文献
3.
A chromoplast-specific carotenoid biosynthesis pathway is revealed by cloning of the tomato white-flower locus 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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Carotenoids and their oxygenated derivatives xanthophylls play essential roles in the pigmentation of flowers and fruits. Wild-type tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) flowers are intensely yellow due to accumulation of the xanthophylls neoxanthin and violaxanthin. To study the regulation of xanthophyll biosynthesis, we analyzed the mutant white-flower (wf). It was found that the recessive wf phenotype is caused by mutations in a flower-specific beta-ring carotene hyroxylase gene (CrtR-b2). Two deletions and one exon-skipping mutation in different CrtR-b2 wf alleles abolish carotenoid biosynthesis in flowers but not leaves, where the homologous CrtR-b1 is constitutively expressed. A second beta-carotene hydroxylase enzyme as well as flower- and fruit-specific geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase, phytoene synthase, and lycopene beta-cyclase together define a carotenoid biosynthesis pathway active in chromoplasts only, underscoring the crucial role of gene duplication in specialized plant metabolic pathways. We hypothesize that this pathway in tomato was initially selected during evolution to enhance flower coloration and only later recruited to enhance fruit pigmentation. The elimination of beta-carotene hydroxylation in wf petals results in an 80% reduction in total carotenoid concentration, possibly caused by the inability of petals to store high concentrations of carotenoids other than xanthophylls and by degradation of beta-carotene, which accumulates as a result of the wf mutation but is not due to altered expression of genes in the biosynthetic pathway. 相似文献
4.
5.
Hadar Neuman Navot Galpaz Francis X. Cunningham Jr Dani Zamir Joseph Hirschberg 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2014,78(1):80-93
Carotenoid pigments are indispensable for plant life. They are synthesized within plastids where they provide essential functions in photosynthesis. Carotenoids serve as precursors for the synthesis of the strigolactone phytohormones, which are made from β‐carotene, and of abscisic acid (ABA), which is produced from certain xanthophylls. Despite the significant progress that has been made in our understanding of the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway, the synthesis of the xanthophyll neoxanthin has remained unknown. We report here on the isolation of a tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) mutant, neoxanthin‐deficient 1 (nxd1), which lacks neoxanthin, and on the cloning of a gene that is necessary for neoxanthin synthesis in both tomato and Arabidopsis. The locus nxd1 encodes a gene of unknown function that is conserved in all higher plants. The activity of NXD1 is essential but cannot solely support neoxanthin synthesis. Lack of neoxanthin does not significantly reduce the fitness of tomato plants in cultivated field conditions and does not impair the synthesis of ABA, suggesting that in tomato violaxanthin is a sufficient precursor for ABA production in vivo. 相似文献
6.
Navot Galpaz Yosi Burger Tamar Lavee Galil Tzuri Amir Sherman Tal Melamed Ravit Eshed Ayala Meir Vitaly Portnoy Einat Bar Einav Shimoni-Shor Ari Feder Yuval Saar Uzi Saar Fabian Baumkoler Efraim Lewinsohn Arthur A. Schaffer Nurit Katzir Yaakov Tadmor 《Archives of biochemistry and biophysics》2013
In order to broaden the available genetic variation of melon, we developed an ethyl methanesulfonate mutation library in an orange-flesh ‘Charentais’ type melon line that accumulates β-carotene. One mutagenized M2 family segregated for a novel recessive trait, a yellow–orange fruit flesh (‘yofI’). HPLC analysis revealed that ‘yofI’ accumulates pro-lycopene (tetra-cis-lycopene) as its major fruit pigment. The altered carotenoid composition of ‘yofI’ is associated with a significant change of the fruit aroma since cleavage of β-carotene yields different apocarotenoids than the cleavage of pro-lycopene. Normally, pro-lycopene is further isomerized by CRTISO (carotenoid isomerase) to yield all-trans-lycopene, which is further cyclized to β-carotene in melon fruit. Cloning and sequencing of ‘yofI’ CRTISO identified two mRNA sequences which lead to truncated forms of CRTISO. Sequencing of the genomic CRTISO identified an A–T transversion in ‘yofI’ which leads to a premature STOP codon. The early carotenoid pathway genes were up regulated in yofI fruit causing accumulation of other intermediates such as phytoene and ζ-carotene. Total carotenoid levels are only slightly increased in the mutant. Mutants accumulating pro-lycopene have been reported in both tomato and watermelon fruits, however, this is the first report of a non-lycopene accumulating fruit showing this phenomenon. 相似文献
7.
Electrophoretic and morphological variation was studied in 13 cultivars ofC. lanatus and 31 accessions ofC. colocynthis from Israel. Twelve enzyme systems were assayed, representing 19 loci. We found 12 commercially grown cultivars to be monomorphic at all loci. OneC. lanatus accession collected from Israel is highly polymorphic and carries alleles ofC. colocynthis; this accession is probably a representative of a locally cultivated land race grown by Bedouins for animal feed. Over a range of 500 km two forms ofC. colocynthis were identified: one which grows along the coastal plains of the Mediterranean and the other in the arid Negev and Sinal deserts. A high level of electrophoretic and morphological divergence was found between plants of the two regions, whereas within the ecotypes little variation was observed. 相似文献
8.
Linkage relationships of 19 protein coding genes in watermelon 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
N. Navot D. Zamir 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1986,72(2):274-278
Summary Segregation of seed proteins and isozymes was analysed in two Citrullus crosses. In the first cross an F1 hybrid between C. lanatus and the wild species C. colocynthis was used as a female parent in a backcross to C. lanatus. In this interspecific cross the segregation of 17 markers was analysed. Four linkage groups were identified: linkage group 1 includes the genes Est-2, Skdh-2, Tpi-1, Fdp-1, Sod-1 and Prx-1; linkage group 2 — Got-1, Got-2 and Sp-4; linkage group 3 — Pgm-1 and Gdh-2; linkage group 4 with Pgi-1 and Pgi-2. In the second cross an F1 hybrid between two C. colocynthis accessions was backcrossed to one of its parents. Seven loci were scored and no new linkages were found. 相似文献
9.
Navot Galpaz Itay Gonda Doron Shem‐Tov Omer Barad Galil Tzuri Shery Lev Zhangjun Fei Yimin Xu Linyong Mao Chen Jiao Rotem Harel‐Beja Adi Doron‐Faigenboim Oren Tzfadia Einat Bar Ayala Meir Uzi Sa'ar Aaron Fait Eran Halperin Merav Kenigswald Elazar Fallik Nadia Lombardi Guy Kol Gil Ronen Yosef Burger Amit Gur Ya'akov Tadmor Vitaly Portnoy Arthur A. Schaffer Efraim Lewinsohn James J. Giovannoni Nurit Katzir 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2018,94(1):169-191
10.
Transgenic potato (Solanum tuberosum) plants expressing the movement protein (MP) of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) under the control of the promoters from the class I patatin gene (B33) or the nuclear photosynthesis gene (ST-LS1) were employed to further explore the mode by which this viral protein interacts with cellular metabolism to change carbohydrate allocation. Dye-coupling experiments established that expression of the TMV-MP alters plasmodesmal function in both potato leaves and tubers when expressed in the respective tissues. However, whereas the size-exclusion limit of mesophyll plasmodesmata was increased to a value greater than 9.4 kD, this size limit was smaller for plasmodesmata interconnecting tuber parenchyma cells. Starch and sugars accumulated in potato leaves to significantly lower levels in plants expressing the TMV-MP under the ST-LS1 promoter, and rate of sucrose efflux from petioles of the latter was higher compared to controls. It is interesting that this effect was expressed only in mature plants after tuber initiation. No effect on carbohydrate levels was found in plants expressing this protein under the B33 promoter. These results are discussed in terms of the mode by which the TMV-MP exerts its influence over carbon metabolism and photoassimilate translocation, and the possible role of plasmodesmal function in controlling these processes. 相似文献