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1.
The development of spinal cord supports (bony thickenings which extend into the vertebral canal of vertebrae) in primitive (Salamandrella keyserlingii) and derived (Lissotriton vulgaris) salamanders were described. The spinal cord supports develop as the protuberances of periostal bone of the neural arches in the anteroproximal part of the septal collagenous fibers which connect a transverse myoseptum with the notochord and spinal cord, in the septal bundle inside the vertebral canal. Spinal cord supports were also found in some teleostean (Salmo salar, Oncorhynchus mykiss) and dipnoan (Protopterus sp.) fishes. The absence of the spinal cord supports in vertebrates with cartilaginous vertebrae (lampreys, chondrichthyan, and chondrostean fishes) corresponds to the fact that the spinal cord supports are bone structures. The absence of the spinal cord supports in frogs correlates with the lack of the well developed septal bundles inside the vertebral canal. The spinal cord supports are, presumably, a synapomorphic character for salamanders which originated independently of those observed in teleostean and dipnoan fishes. J. Morphol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
2.
Nataly Mancette Rijensky Netta R. Blondheim Shraga Eilon Barnea Nir Peled Eli Rosenbaum Aron Popovtzer Solomon M. Stemmer Alejandro Livoff Mark Shlapobersky Neta Moskovits Dafna Perry Eitan Rubin Itzhak Haviv Arie Admon 《Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP》2020,19(8):1360-1374
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- •Sufficient tumor tissues are often unavailable large HLA peptidome discovery.
- •Using patient derived xenograft (PDX) tumors can overcome this limitation.
- •The large PDX HLA peptidomes expand significantly those of the original biopsies.
- •The HLA peptidomes of the PDX tumors included many tumor antigens.
3.
Abstract: A subclone of NG108–15 neuroblastoma-glioma hybrid cells was used to study the intracellular distribution of opioid receptors. Subcellular organelles were separated on self-generating Percoll-sucrose gradients and the enzymes β-glucuronidase, galactosyltransferase, 5′-nucleotidase, and glucose-6-phosphatase were used as markers to localize the various structures. Analysis of the receptor distribution from untreated cells shows that the plasma membranes contained the highest receptor density, but a significant portion of the opioid binding sites was unevenly distributed between the lysosomes, microsomes, and Golgi elements. The enzyme markers indicated that appearance of opioid receptors in these intracellular structures does not result merely from contamination with plasma membranes. About 11% of the receptors appeared in a fraction lighter than plasma membranes. The antilysosomal agent chloroquine altered the intracellular compartmentation of the receptors, possibly by blocking their translocation in the cells. Leu-enkephalin induced time-dependent loss of receptors from all four intracellular compartments examined, but a kinetic analysis showed that the rate of receptor loss in these fractions was not identical. Thus, the percent of receptors appearing in the lysosomal fraction that could still bind [3H]-D-Ala2D-Leu5-enkephalin in vitro was increased on treatment with Leu-enkephalin. As an additional approach to follow the intracellular fate of the receptors, cells were labeled with [3H]diprenorphine, chased with various unlabeled opiates, and the distribution of 3H-ligand-receptors in the cells was monitored. Leu-enkephalin and etorphine altered the distribution of receptor-bound [3H]diprenorphine between the plasma membranes, lysosomes, and Golgi elements, whereas morphine had no such effect. The study sheds light on the role of intracellular structures in the metabolism of opioid receptors in untreated and opioid-treated cells. 相似文献
4.
Immunocytochemical detection of 28000-MW calcium-binding protein in horizontal cells of the rat retina 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Summary Horizontal cells of rat retina were labeled intensely by a specific antibody to cerebellar calcium-binding protein. The amacrine cells stained very weakly. The presence of calcium-binding protein in horizontal cells could be of interest for the understanding of the feedback action of these cells on photoreceptors.Abbreviations used CaBP
calcium-binding protein
- DAB
3,3-diaminobenzidine
- PAP
unlabelled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochemical complex
On leave from the Department of Physiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada 相似文献
5.
The previous observation that a continuous chemical depolarization of aggregating rat brain cells with KCl alters the expression of opioid receptors was examined in more detail. In contrast to its significant and converse effect on forebrain and hindbrain cells cultured in serum-containing medium, KCl had only a small and transient effect in serum-free cultures of both types. The basal receptor density in serum-free cultures was similar to the receptor density in KCl-treated serum-containing cultures, but medium conditioned by glial cells restored partially the effect of KCl in serum-free cultures. The effect of KCl in serum-containing forebrain cultures was enhanced by the voltage-dependent calcium channel blocker verapamil, and magnesium and cadmium had a similar, though smaller, effect. The sodium channel activator veratridine had a profound and dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the expression of the receptors in forebrain and hindbrain cultures, and tetrodotoxin blocked the veratridine effect. Information about the selectivity of the effect of neuronal activation on the various opioid receptor subtypes was obtained with the neuroblastoma X glioma hybrid M8 cells that possess only delta type opioid receptors. A Scatchard analysis of [3H]etorphine binding to these cells has shown that depolarization increased the Bmax, but had little, if any, effect on the affinity (KD) of the ligand to the receptors. The significance of depolarization and voltage-dependent sodium and calcium channels on the expression of different opioid receptor subtypes is discussed. 相似文献
6.
Young rats were given either a single subcutaneous injection (1 mg at 0, 1, 4 or 8 days), or four consecutive daily injections (0.2 mg/day between 0 and 3 days; 0.4 mg/day between 4 and 7 days; 0.6 mg/day between 8 and 11 days) of cortisol acetate in order to test the influence of age on the action of corticosteroids on the biochemical maturation of the cerebrum and cerebellum in terms of their DNA, RNA, and protein contents. The results showed that: 1 The diminution of the DNA content at 35 days was greater in the cerebellum (- 16 to - 32%) than in the cerebrum (- 9 to 20%); the DNA content of the cerebrum was more affected by treatment at birth, whereas that of the cerebellum was more affected by the delayed treatments. Results were different when expressed in terms of reduction of the normal increase: the gain of DNA decreased more in the cerebrum (-70%) than in the cerebellum (-40%); but the most delayed treatment induced a greater effect in both organs. These abnormalities were not always accompanied by a significant decrease of the body weight. 2 Generally, the treatments led to an increase of the mean cell territory, expressed either in terms of decrease of the DNA concentration, or in terms of increase of the organ weight/DNA ratio. Moreover, the increase of the RNA/DNA and the protein/DNA ratios constituted an indication of an accelerated cellular maturation. 相似文献
7.
8.
Nataly Kravchenko‐Balasha 《Proteomics》2020,20(13)
Cancer research is striving toward new frontiers of assigning the correct personalized drug(s) to a given patient. However, extensive tumor heterogeneity poses a major obstacle. Tumors of the same type often respond differently to therapy, due to patient‐specific molecular aberrations and/or untargeted tumor subpopulations. It is frequently not possible to determine a priori which patients will respond to a certain therapy or how an efficient patient‐specific combined therapy should be designed. Large‐scale datasets have been growing at an accelerated pace and various technologies and analytical tools for single cell and bulk level analyses are being developed to extract significant individualized signals from such heterogeneous data. However, personalized therapies that dramatically alter the course of the disease remain scarce, and most tumors still respond poorly to medical care. In this review, the basic concepts of bulk and single cell approaches are discussed, as well as their emerging role in individualized designs of drug therapies, including the advantages and limitations of their applications in personalized medicine. 相似文献
9.
Panizo María Mercedes Ferrara Giuseppe García Nataly Moreno Xiomara Navas Trina Calderón Enrique 《Current fungal infection reports》2020,14(1):29-39
Current Fungal Infection Reports - The aim of this work is to contribute to the knowledge of diagnosis, burden, and mortality of pneumocystosis or Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) in... 相似文献
10.