全文获取类型
收费全文 | 398篇 |
免费 | 17篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 1篇 |
2022年 | 4篇 |
2021年 | 9篇 |
2020年 | 8篇 |
2019年 | 3篇 |
2018年 | 11篇 |
2017年 | 14篇 |
2016年 | 17篇 |
2015年 | 9篇 |
2014年 | 15篇 |
2013年 | 38篇 |
2012年 | 37篇 |
2011年 | 35篇 |
2010年 | 16篇 |
2009年 | 13篇 |
2008年 | 27篇 |
2007年 | 31篇 |
2006年 | 29篇 |
2005年 | 18篇 |
2004年 | 24篇 |
2003年 | 17篇 |
2002年 | 16篇 |
2001年 | 2篇 |
2000年 | 3篇 |
1999年 | 3篇 |
1998年 | 1篇 |
1996年 | 1篇 |
1995年 | 2篇 |
1992年 | 1篇 |
1991年 | 1篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有416条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Intra‐cohort cannibalism is an example of a size‐mediated priority effect. If early life stages cannibalize slightly smaller individuals, then parents face a trade‐off between breeding at the best time for larval growth or development and predation risk from offspring born earlier. This game‐theoretic situation among parents may drive adaptive reproductive phenology toward earlier breeding. However, it is not straightforward to quantify how cannibalism affects seasonal egg fitness or to distinguish emergent breeding phenology from alternative adaptive drivers. Here, we devise an age‐structured game‐theoretic mathematical model to find evolutionary stable breeding phenologies. We predict how size‐dependent cannibalism acting on eggs, larvae, or both changes emergent breeding phenology and find that breeding under inter‐cohort cannibalism occurs earlier than the optimal match to environmental conditions. We show that emergent breeding phenology patterns at the level of the population are sensitive to the ontogeny of cannibalism, that is, which life stage is subject to cannibalism. This suggests that the nature of cannibalism among early life stages is a potential driver of the diversity of reproductive phenologies seen across taxa and may be a contributing factor in situations where breeding occurs earlier than expected from environmental conditions. 相似文献
2.
An unusual procedure with the dye lucifer yellow has provided stable neuronal marking that survives paraffin embedding and sectioning. Lucifer yellow CH was dissolved in an electrolyte containing formaldehyde and injected into the large interneurons of a cricket. Intense fluorescence in the axoplasm was retained even after conventional histological procedures. 相似文献
3.
Kensuke Nakanishi Nao Hasegawa Koichi Takeo Keisuke Nakajima Nobuaki Furuno Ichiro Tazawa 《Development, growth & differentiation》2023,65(2):100-108
Some frog species have a unique skeletal element, referred to as the intercalary element (IE), in the joints between the terminal and subterminal phalanges of all digits. IEs are composed of cartilage or connective tissue and have a markedly differ shape than the phalanges. IEs are highly related to the arboreal lifestyle and toe pads. The IE is found only in neobatrachian frogs among anurans, suggesting that it is a novelty of Neobatrachia. IEs are widely distributed among multiple neobatrachian lineages and are found in the suborders Hyloides and Ranoides (the two major clades in Neobatrachia). However, it is unclear whether the IEs found in multiple linages resulted from convergent evolution. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to examine how similar or different the developmental trajectories of the IEs are between Hyloides and Ranoides. To that end, we compared the osteological and histological developmental processes of the IEs of the hyloid frog Dryophytes japonicus and the ranoid frog Zhangixalus schlegelii. Both species shared the same IE-initiation site and level of tissue differentiation around the IE when it began to form in tadpoles, although the IE developments initiated at different stages which were determined by external criteria. These results suggest that similar mechanisms drive IE formation in the digits of both species, supporting the hypothesis that the IEs did not evolve convergently. 相似文献
4.
5.
6.
7.
Takamichi Izumi Makoto Kondo Takuya Takahashi Nao Fujieda Atsushi Kondo Naohisa Tamura Tomohiro Murakawa Jun Nakajima Hirokazu Matsushita Kazuhiro Kakimi 《Cytotherapy》2013,15(4):481-491
Background aimsAdoptive immunotherapy is emerging as a potent anti-tumor treatment modality; Vγ9Vδ2 T cells may represent appropriate agents for such cancer immunotherapy. To improve the currently limited success of Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell–based immunotherapy, we examined the in vivo dynamics of these adoptively-transferred cells and hypothesized that interleukin (IL)-15 is the potential factor for Vγ9δ2 T cell in vivo survival.MethodsWe conducted a clinical trial of adoptive Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell transfer therapy in six colorectal cancer patients who received pulmonary metastasectomy. Patients' peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with zoledronate (5 μmol/L) and IL-2 (1000 IU/mL) for 14 d. Harvested cells, mostly Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, were given intravenously weekly without additional IL-2 eight times in total. The frequency, phenotype and common γ-chain cytokine receptor expression of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in peripheral blood was monitored by flow cytometry at each time point during treatment and 4 and 12 weeks after the last administration.ResultsAdoptively transferred Vγ9Vδ2 T cells expanded well without exogenous IL-2 administration or lymphodepleting preconditioning. They maintained effector functions in terms of interferon-γ secretion and prompt release of cytotoxic granules in response to PMA/ionomycin or isopentenyl pyrophosphate–positive cells. Because they are IL-2Rα?IL-7Rα?IL-15Rα?IL-2Rβ+γc+, it is likely that IL-2 or IL-15 is required for their maintenance.ConclusionsThe persistence of large numbers of functionally active adoptively transferred Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in the absence of exogenous IL-2 implies that an endogenous factor, such as IL-15 transpresentation, is adequate to support these cells in vivo. 相似文献
8.
9.
10.
Yasuda Tetsuya Mishiro Koji Kusunoki Mikio Fujiwara-Tsujii Nao Yasui Hiroe Uechi Nami Fujimura Takako Inokuchi Rika Fujita Kiwamu Kanegae Yasutada Miura Yasushi Kato Ichiro Mitsunaga Takayuki 《Applied Entomology and Zoology》2020,55(2):205-212
Applied Entomology and Zoology - To evaluate the infection risk of Anoplophora malasiaca (Thomson) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in two species of Japanese pine bonsais (Japanese black pine and... 相似文献