Diversity and phenology of hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) in pine forests (Pinus halepensis Miller) of Algeria

Hoverflies are good indicators of ecosystem integrity, especially in drylands. However, the key factors explaining hoverfly diversity in North African forest ecosystems are still not addressed. The current study provides data on the diversity, structure and functional trophic groups (FTG) of the hoverfly community in Aleppo pine forests under a semi-arid climate in northeastern Algeria. Using an entomological net, hoverflies were sampled weekly during 2008–2009. Alpha and beta-diversity of hoverflies and functional trophic group (FTG) were analyzed using several parameters and indices (e.g. species composition, richness, occurrence, diversity, estimations, similarity, etc.). In total, 602 individuals of 21 species were collected with a constant species (Eupeodes corollae) and four common species (Episyrphus balteatus, Chrysotoxum intermedium, Eristalis arbustorum and Eristalis tenax). Most species (17) occurred accidentally or very accidentally in samples. The highest diversity was recorded during spring, corresponding to the flowering season of most understory plant species. Seasonal rarefaction and extrapolation curves indicated that the expected species richness would be higher in autumn and spring compared to summer and winter. The spectrum of FTG ranked predators first with 52.4% of species, followed by saprophagous (42.8%) and then phytophagous (4.8%) species. Hoverfly communities showed high taxonomic richness and alpha-diversity all over the year, with peaks during spring that coincides with flowering period of most plant species of the forest understorey and favourable climatic conditions.