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1.
A serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated 4-kilobase mRNA encodes a cyclooxygenase-related protein. 总被引:21,自引:0,他引:21
M K O'Banion H B Sadowski V Winn D A Young 《The Journal of biological chemistry》1991,266(34):23261-23267
2.
Markus Hoffmann Nadine Krüger Pawel Zmora Florian Wrensch Georg Herrler Stefan P?hlmann 《PloS one》2016,11(3)
New World bats have recently been discovered to harbor influenza A virus (FLUAV)-related viruses, termed bat-associated influenza A-like viruses (batFLUAV). The internal proteins of batFLUAV are functional in mammalian cells. In contrast, no biological functionality could be demonstrated for the surface proteins, hemagglutinin (HA)-like (HAL) and neuraminidase (NA)-like (NAL), and these proteins need to be replaced by their human counterparts to allow spread of batFLUAV in human cells. Here, we employed rhabdoviral vectors to study the role of HAL and NAL in viral entry. Vectors pseudotyped with batFLUAV-HAL and -NAL were able to enter bat cells but not cells from other mammalian species. Host cell entry was mediated by HAL and was dependent on prior proteolytic activation of HAL and endosomal low pH. In contrast, sialic acids were dispensable for HAL-driven entry. Finally, the type II transmembrane serine protease TMPRSS2 was able to activate HAL for cell entry indicating that batFLUAV can utilize human proteases for HAL activation. Collectively, these results identify viral and cellular factors governing host cell entry driven by batFLUAV surface proteins. They suggest that the absence of a functional receptor precludes entry of batFLUAV into human cells while other prerequisites for entry, HAL activation and protonation, are met in target cells of human origin. 相似文献
3.
Peter Van Bogaert Lieve Peremans Nadine Diltour Danny Van heusden Tinne Dilles Bart Van Rompaey Donna Sullivan Havens 《PloS one》2016,11(4)
The aim of the study reported in this article was to investigate staff nurses’ perceptions and experiences about structural empowerment and perceptions regarding the extent to which structural empowerment supports safe quality patient care. To address the complex needs of patients, staff nurse involvement in clinical and organizational decision-making processes within interdisciplinary care settings is crucial. A qualitative study was conducted using individual semi-structured interviews of 11 staff nurses assigned to medical or surgical units in a 600-bed university hospital in Belgium. During the study period, the hospital was going through an organizational transformation process to move from a classic hierarchical and departmental organizational structure to one that was flat and interdisciplinary. Staff nurses reported experiencing structural empowerment and they were willing to be involved in decision-making processes primarily about patient care within the context of their practice unit. However, participants were not always fully aware of the challenges and the effect of empowerment on their daily practice, the quality of care and patient safety. Ongoing hospital change initiatives supported staff nurses’ involvement in decision-making processes for certain matters but for some decisions, a classic hierarchical and departmental process still remained. Nurses perceived relatively high work demands and at times viewed empowerment as presenting additional. Staff nurses recognized the opportunities structural empowerment provided within their daily practice. Nurse managers and unit climate were seen as crucial for success while lack of time and perceived work demands were viewed as barriers to empowerment. 相似文献
4.
Scaling of metabolic rate with body mass and temperature in teleost fish 总被引:27,自引:0,他引:27
5.
Alice A. Winn 《American journal of botany》1991,78(6):838-844
Substantial variation in seed mass within individual seed parents is at odds with predictions of models for the evolution of optimum offspring size and with empirical observations of directional selection on seed mass. To elucidate the ultimate causes of this variation, I examined several proximal sources of within-individual variation in seed mass in the perennial herb Prunella vulgaris. Position of inflorescence, position of flower within an inflorescence, date of anthesis, and number of seeds produced per flower all explained some within-individual variation in seed mass. Hand pollination in the field failed to reveal any effect of pollen source (self pollen or outcross pollen) on seed mass. My results, in conjunction with those from studies of selection on seed mass in P. vulgaris, do not support hypotheses that within-individual variation in seed mass is favored by the pattern of natural selection on seed mass. Rather, the results suggest that seed parents are not capable of producing a uniform seed crop in the face of changes in resource availability in the course of a season. The inability to produce a uniform seed crop may persist because of selection for variability in traits correlated with seed mass or because of a true constraint on the evolution of uniform offspring size. 相似文献
6.
R M Winn 《Folia primatologica; international journal of primatology》1989,52(3-4):109-123
The history of the aye-aye in captivity outside Madagascar is briefly reviewed. Maintenance conditions of the 3 animals currently housed at the Paris Zoo are described. In addition to providing information on the diet and feeding behaviour of the animals, details of enclosure size, humidity level, temperature, cage furniture and light cycle are provided. Preliminary behavioural observations on mother-infant relationships, grooming, nest building and play are also included. 相似文献
7.
Goats were divided into three groups and given infusions of live Escherichia coli bacteria. Group I received no treatment, group II was treated with indomethacin (a cyclooxygenase inhibitor), and group III with dazoxiben (a thromboxane synthase inhibitor). Double indicator-dilution extravascular lung water (EVLW) in group I was significantly different from the treated groups. There was an early increase in EVLW in group I and group III but not in group II animals. At 6 h EVLW's in group I, group II, and group III were 100, 45, and 30% above base line, respectively. Lymph flow (QL) and lymph-to-plasma protein ratio (L/P) was not statistically different between groups. Estimated total fluid filtration [QL + d(EVLW)/dt] in group I and III was markedly elevated between 0 and 1.5-2 h after E. coli infusion. Cardiac output (QT) decreased to 40% of base line in group I, and it decreased slightly in group II because of the indomethacin but did not decrease after E. coli. QT decreased in group III but recovered more rapidly than group I. Mean pulmonary arterial pressure increased more rapidly in group I and reached a higher peak than either treated group. At 6 h these groups had similar pulmonary arterial and pulmonary arterial wedge pressures. We conclude that 1) indomethacin but not dazoxiben blocks the early increase in total fluid filtration after bacterial infusion, 2) dazoxiben does not prevent the increased endothelial permeability resulting from infusion of live bacteria, and 3) indomethacin may somewhat ameliorate the endothelial permeability change.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
8.
L M Leeb-Lundberg K E Dickinson S L Heald J E Wikberg P O Hagen J F DeBernardis M Winn D L Arendsen R J Lefkowitz M G Caron 《The Journal of biological chemistry》1984,259(4):2579-2587
We have synthesized and characterized a novel high affinity radioiodinated alpha 1-adrenergic receptor photoaffinity probe, 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxy-2-[4-[5-(4-azido - 3 - [125I]iodophenyl) pentanoyl] - 1 - piperazinyl] quinazoline. In the absence of light, this ligand binds with high affinity (KD = 130 pM) in a reversible and saturable manner to sites in rat hepatic plasma membranes. The binding is stereoselective and competitively inhibited by adrenergic agonists and antagonists with an alpha 1-adrenergic specificity. Upon photolysis, this ligand incorporates irreversibly into plasma membranes prepared from several mammalian tissues including rat liver, rat, guinea pig, and rabbit spleen, rabbit lung, and rabbit aorta vascular smooth muscle cells, also with typical alpha 1-adrenergic specificity. Autoradiograms of such membrane samples subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis reveal a major specifically labeled polypeptide at Mr = 78,000-85,000, depending on the tissue used, in addition to some lower molecular weight peptides. Protease inhibitors, in particular EDTA, a metalloprotease inhibitor, dramatically increases the predominance of the Mr = 78,000-85,000 polypeptide while attenuating the labeling of the lower molecular weight bands. This new high affinity radioiodinated photoaffinity probe should be of great value for the molecular characterization of the alpha 1-adrenergic receptor. 相似文献
9.
H. Christopher Wilson Nadine C. Milos 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1987,23(5):323-331
Summary This study investigates the nutritional requirements ofXenopus laevis neural crest cells and melanophores developing in vitro. A comparison is made between the growth and differentiation of cells
in serum-containing medium and a chemically defined, serum-free medium that we have designed. Our chemically defined medium
is more efficient than serum-supplemented medium in promoting proliferation of these cells. Several supplements are required
to enhance culture development. These include insulin, α-melanocyte stimulating hormone, somatotropin, luteotrophic hormone,
linoleic acid, uridine, and putrescine. In addition, collagen and fibronectin provide the most conductive environment tested
for cell migration and adhesion.
This work was supported by establishment and major equipment grants from the Alberta Heritage Foundation for Medical Research
to N. C. M. Nadine C. Milos is a Heritage Medical Research Scholar of the Alberta Heritage Foundation for Medical Research. 相似文献
10.
CD18-dependent and -independent mechanisms of neutrophil emigration in the pulmonary and systemic microcirculation of rabbits 总被引:49,自引:0,他引:49
C M Doerschuk R K Winn H O Coxson J M Harlan 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》1990,144(6):2327-2333
Neutrophil (PMN) migration in the systemic and pulmonary circulation of rabbits was compared by using different inflammatory stimuli to determine the role of the leukocyte adhesion complex, CD11/CD18, in each of these vascular beds. The adhesion complex was blocked by administering the anti-CD18 mAb 60.3. The data show that mAb 60.3 blocks PMN emigration into inflammatory foci in the abdominal wall produced by implanting sponges containing either hydrochloric acid, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli endotoxin, or PMA. mAb 60.3 also inhibited PMN emigration in response to peritoneal instillation of S. pneumoniae. The effect of mAb 60.3 on PMN emigration in the lungs varied depending upon the stimulus. PMN failed to migrate into the PMA-induced pneumonia; however, mAb 60.3 pretreatment only partially inhibited endotoxin-induced pneumonia and did not inhibit S. pneumoniae or hydrochloric acid-induced pneumonias. PMN lavaged from the alveolar spaces in the Streptococcal pneumonia had similar quantities of mAb 60.3 bound to their surfaces as the circulating PMN. We conclude that the CD11/CD18 complex mediates PMN adherence in the systemic circulation. However, PMN adherence in the pulmonary circulation may occur by either CD18-dependent or -independent mechanisms that are specific to the inciting stimulus. 相似文献